{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:27:53Z","timestamp":1791595673140,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"185","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE180100688 and DE170100284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE180100688 and DE170100284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Monitoring human respiratory patterns is of great importance as it gives essential information for various medical conditions, e.g. sleep apnoea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, etc. Herein, we have developed a polymeric airflow sensor based on nanocomposites of vertically grown graphene nanosheets (VGNs) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and explored their applications in monitoring human respiration. The sensing performance of the VGNs\/PDMS nanocomposite was characterized by exposing to a range of airflow rates (20\u2013130 l min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and a linear performance with high sensitivity and low response time (mostly below 1 s) was observed. To evaluate the experimental results, finite-element simulation models were developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics package. The piezoresistive properties of VGNs\/PDMS thin film and fluid\u2013solid interaction were thoroughly studied. Laser Doppler vibrometry measures of sensor tip displacement closely approximated simulated deflection results and validated the dynamic response of the sensor. By comparing the proposed sensor and some other airflow sensors in the literature, it is concluded that the VGNs\/PDMS airflow sensor has excellent features in terms of sensor height, detection range and sensitivity. The potential application of the VGNs\/PDMS airflow sensor in detecting the respiration pattern of human exercises like walking, jogging and running has been demonstrated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2021.0753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T03:07:33Z","timestamp":1638932853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Polymeric piezoresistive airflow sensor to monitor respiratory patterns"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-8883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sajad Abolpour","family":"Moshizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-3649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Abedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19834, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8818-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Majid","family":"Sanaeepur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 3815688349, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1985-1705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Pastras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2437-319X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhao Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Manufacturing, PO Box 218, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-8898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-7796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Asadnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18904"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21416"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600071"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03258.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3023486"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040908"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-019-00329-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","first-page":"597","article-title":"Definition of terms for applications of respiratory sounds","volume":"10","author":"Sovijarvi A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sovijarvi A, Dalmasso F, Vanderschoot J, Malmberg L, Righini G, Stoneman S. 2000 Definition of terms for applications of respiratory sounds. 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