{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:13:31Z","timestamp":1753877611334,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"224","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006418","name":"Brown University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007701","name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Patterns found in structural materials of biological origin are an excellent source of inspiration for engineers. The root fibres (basalia spicules) of the marine sponge\n            <jats:italic>Euplectella aspergillum<\/jats:italic>\n            anchor it to the ocean floor and exhibit a lamellar architecture. It is generally thought that the spicule\u2019s architecture contributes to the spicule\u2019s fracture toughness. However, in recent experiments, the spicules\u2019 architecture did not contribute to their fracture toughness in a statistically significant way, with their fracture initiation toughness being similar to that of synthetic glass. In this article, we present a mechanics model and show that the spicule\u2019s architecture could be contributing to its strength, potentially benefiting the sponge\u2019s survival. When a spicule forms a loop, we find that its layers can increase the spicule\u2019s strength by reducing the bending stress induced by the tensile load transmitted along its length.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2024.0252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:06:31Z","timestamp":1742342791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of layered architecture in marine sponge root fibres: new lessons from nature for the design of tension cables"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5709-1527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sayaka","family":"Kochiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9761-5754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haneesh","family":"Kesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2012.03.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.10.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415502112"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2006.10.027"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2006.05.020"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","DOI":"10.1080\/00218460903417917"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2006.0251"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2007.10.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00725516"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.2001.0198"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.03.024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14128-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2024.105772"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104362"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104787"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.032"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2023.105405"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2020.104014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2020.104270"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","volume-title":"Flexible bars","author":"Frisch-Fay R","year":"1962","unstructured":"Frisch-Fay R. 1962 Flexible bars. London, UK: Butterworth & Co. Limited."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","volume-title":"Lectures on the differential geometry of curves and surfaces","author":"Forsyth AR","year":"1912","unstructured":"Forsyth AR. 1912 Lectures on the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6034-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1857.0003"},{"unstructured":"Monn MA. 2018 Insights into the Mechanical Functions of Glass Sponge Spicules through a Characterization of Their Strength and Toughness Properties. 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