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R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Getting caregivers to respond to their pain cries is vital for the human baby. Previous studies have shown that certain features of baby cries\u2014the nonlinear phenomena (NLP)\u2014enable caregivers to assess the pain felt by the baby. However, the extent to which these NLP mobilize the autonomic nervous system of an adult listener remains unexplored. Here, we show that variations in a listener\u2019s facial temperature, a marker of the autonomic emotional response, reflect the pain expressed by a baby\u2019s cry. Specifically, by conducting listening experiments with cries expressing mild discomfort or acute pain, we demonstrate that NLP modulate the facial thermal response in adult listeners, irrespective of sex and of cry pitch variation. The temporal dynamics of the thermal response is more closely synchronized with the amplitude envelope of the acoustic signal when listening to a cry containing a large level of NLP than when NLP are less prominent. The pain encoded in a baby\u2019s cry thus generates a synchronized emotional response in both adult men and women, emphasizing that our ability to decode the information carried by babies\u2019 cries integrates an immediate activation of the autonomic nervous system before engaging higher-order cognitive processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2025.0150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1757459163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonlinear acoustic phenomena tune the adults\u2019 facial thermal response to baby cries with the cry amplitude envelope"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9ny","family":"Lego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]},{"name":"Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes \u2013 PSL, CHArt Lab, University Paris-Sciences-Lettres","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4110-328X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Cornec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-6087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silo\u00e9","family":"Corvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0085-1871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Massenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]},{"name":"Department of Communication, UCLA","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]},{"name":"Division of Cognitive Science, Lund University","place":["Lund, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-4666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leo","family":"Papet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Patural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAINBIOSE lab, Inserm, Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Reby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]},{"name":"Institut universitaire de France","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Jouen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes \u2013 PSL, CHArt Lab, University Paris-Sciences-Lettres","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"R2P2 Unit, Raymond Poincar\u00e9 Hospital","place":["Garches, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-6601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mathevon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne","place":["Saint-Etienne, France"]},{"name":"Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes \u2013 PSL, CHArt Lab, University Paris-Sciences-Lettres","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"Institut universitaire de France","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131235"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","volume-title":"The intimate world of babies\u2019 cries: the best ways to understand and calm your baby","author":"Mathevon N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mathevon N. 2025 The intimate world of babies\u2019 cries: the best ways to understand and calm your baby. 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