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Competing hypotheses invoke either slow mass wasting (gravity-driven soil flow) or the relentless trampling of grazing animals, yet no mechanistic model has linked hoof-scale behaviour to landscape-scale form. Here, we bridge that gap with an active-walker model in which ungulates are represented as stochastic foragers moving on an erodible slope. Each agent weighs the energetic cost of climbing against the benefit of fresh forage; every hoof-fall compacts soil and lowers local biomass, subtly reshaping the energy landscape that guides subsequent steps. Over time, these stigmergic feedbacks concentrate traffic along cross-slope paths, which coalesce into periodic tread-and-riser bands morphologically analogous to natural terracettes. Our model illustrates how local foraging rules governing movement and substrate feedback can self-organize into large-scale topographic patterns, highlighting the wider role of decentralized biological processes in sculpting terrestrial landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2025.0451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:13:01Z","timestamp":1782864781000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moo-ving mountains: grazing agents drive terracette formation on steep hillslopes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5023-1972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Seleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology 1 , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2 , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado 3 , Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atanu","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2 , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado 3 , Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Bhamla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2 , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"},{"name":"BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado 3 , Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado 4 , Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082409562909100_bib1","volume-title":"The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits","author":"Darwin","year":"1892"},{"key":"2026082409562909100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2019.06.022","article-title":"Biogeomorphology: past, present and future","volume":"366","author":"Viles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"2026082409562909100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2025.108798","article-title":"Hidden engineers of the earth: investigating the geomorphic impacts of small fossorial rodents in the Vaud Pre-Alps, Switzerland","volume":"250","author":"Germain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"2026082409562909100_bib4","first-page":"27","article-title":"Termite mounds as dominant land forms in semiarid Northeastern Brazil","volume-title":"J. 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