{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:01:38Z","timestamp":1790125298509,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"242","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12272238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12272238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12572370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12572370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Oriental Talent Plan Top Talent Project","award":["BJJY2024013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJJY2024013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of uphill running (UR) and downhill running (DR) on impact loading and lower extremity biomechanics in runners with different habitual foot strike patterns (FSPs). Twenty-one habitual non-rearfoot strike pattern (NRFS) runners and 21 habitual rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) runners were recruited to run at 12 km h\u22121 at slopes of 10%, 0%, and \u221210% in a random order with their preferred FSPs on the instrumented treadmill. A motion capture system was used to synchronously collect marker trajectories. During UR and DR, 19% and 14% of the habitual RFS runners transitioned to NRFS, but the habitual NRFS runners kept using NRFS. NRFS runners had a lower vertical instantaneous loading rate during level running (LR) and UR but a lower vertical average loading rate only during UR than RFS runners. NRFS runners had lower knee and higher ankle impulse and cumulative load than the RFS runners. Habitual FSP is adaptable during graded running. NRFS attenuated impact loading during LR and UR, but not during DR, where its main biomechanical effect may be a redistribution of load from the knee to the ankle rather than an overall reduction in impact loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2025.1213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:13:21Z","timestamp":1790122401000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Habitual non-rearfoot strike pattern attenuates impact loading during level and uphill running but not during downhill running"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont 3 , Burlington 05405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bokai","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport 1 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xini","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University 4 , Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7552-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Sports Engineering, Shanghai University of Sport 2 , Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092220121536600_RSIF20251213C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.04.001","article-title":"A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners","volume":"10","author":"Kakouris","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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