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Previous studies on fingers and hand dorsum focused on illusory movement elicited by skin-stretch stimuli when no actual motion was performed, often combined with local anesthesia and mostly delivered qualitatively, leaving unclear how controlled, augmented skin deformation influences proprioception during active movement. Here, we addressed this question by applying precisely scaled skin-stretch stimuli across the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the index finger, amplifying naturally occurring deformations during finger flexion. Participants performed an active hand position-matching task with their bare hand and while wearing a custom, non-invasive tactile device capable of controlled skin-stretch stimulation. While no significant differences were observed between the bare hand and the device-deactivated condition, augmenting natural skin stretch consistently shifted perceived finger posture toward more extended configurations. This finding demonstrates that cutaneous deformation can systematically reshape proprioceptive estimates even when muscle spindles and efferent signals are engaged, revealing a continuous integration of tactile and musculoskeletal cues in kinesthetic perception. These results advance our understanding of skin-stretch contribution to proprioceptive processing in active tasks, with implications for haptics-based human\u2013machine interaction and virtual reality applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2025.1242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:10:21Z","timestamp":1779235821000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Augmenting natural skin stretch during active finger motion reshapes hand proprioception"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5143-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Fontana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa 1 , ,","place":["Pisa, Italy"],"department":["Department of Information Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Moscatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 2 , ,","place":["Roma, Italy"],"department":["Systems Medicine"]},{"name":"Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 3 , ,","place":["Roma, Italy"],"department":["Neuromotor Physiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Giuseppe","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 4 , , ,","place":["Genoa, Liguria, Italy"],"department":["Soft Robotics for Human Cooperation and Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa 1 , ,","place":["Pisa, Italy"],"department":["Department of Information Engineering"]},{"name":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 4 , , ,","place":["Genoa, Liguria, Italy"],"department":["Soft Robotics for Human Cooperation and Rehabilitation"]},{"name":"Universita degli Studi di Pisa 5 , , ,","place":["Pisa, Tuscany, Italy"],"department":["Research Center 'E. Piaggio'"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa 1 , ,","place":["Pisa, Italy"],"department":["Department of Information Engineering"]},{"name":"Universita degli Studi di Pisa 5 , , ,","place":["Pisa, Tuscany, Italy"],"department":["Research Center 'E. Piaggio'"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062209415402300_R1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of computational neuroscience","author":"Tabot","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026062209415402300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2011","article-title":"The proprioceptive senses: their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force","volume":"92","author":"Proske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. 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Rehabil."},{"key":"2026062209415402300_R41","first-page":"185","article-title":"The effects of simultaneous multi-point vibratory stimulation on kinesthetic illusion","volume":"12272","author":"Ushiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurohaptics"},{"key":"2026062209415402300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01420-y","article-title":"A compact solution for vibrotactile proprioceptive feedback of wrist rotation and hand aperture","volume":"21","author":"Marinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"2026062209415402300_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2024.3375010","article-title":"The CUFF, clenching upper-limb force feedback wearable device: design, characterization and validation","volume":"17","author":"Barontini","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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