{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:01:38Z","timestamp":1790125298621,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"242","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) STTR programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC18P2131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC18P2131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PeTaL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite receiving significant interest from the biological and engineering communities, several questions about the underlying reasons for the form of the deep-sea sponge Venus flower basket (Euplectela aspergillum) remain unanswered. In particular, the basis for the sequence of emergence of three distinct macroscopic geometric features, while speculated upon, has not been validated. These features are (i) an interwoven cross-grid in the juvenile stage; (ii) a diagonal weave atop this initial grid; and (iii) a helical ridge that emerges in the mature phase of the sponge. This work uses computational design and additive manufacturing to fabricate models of each of these phases in sequence and subjects the models to mechanical tests in compression, bending and torsion. The results show that each feature has a singular advantage, even after accounting for the increase in mass associated with their addition: increased compliance for interwoven cross-grid, increased bending stiffness for diagonal weaves and improved torsional rigidity for the helical ridge. The work postulates that the prioritization of compliance in the juvenile phase and a transition to a stiffer structure in the mature phase is a strategy that enables the sponge to avoid high internal stresses and failure in its inherently brittle, silica-derived architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2026.0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:14:20Z","timestamp":1790122460000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A functional basis for the developmental sequence of the macrostructure of the Venus flower basket (\n                    <i>Euplectella aspergillum<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yash","family":"Mistry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3DX Research Group, Arizona State University 1 , Mesa, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapnil","family":"Morankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University 2 , West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dallas","family":"Kingsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University 3 , Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4478-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhilesh","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University 2 , West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5368-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clint A.","family":"Penick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University 4 , Auburn, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7005-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv","family":"Bhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3DX Research Group, Arizona State University 1 , Mesa, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092220124131500_RSIF20260141C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.11332","volume-title":"On growth and form","author":"Thompson","year":"1917"},{"key":"2026092220124131500_RSIF20260141C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.161125","article-title":"Morphogenesis one century after on growth and form","volume":"144","author":"Lecuit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026092220124131500_RSIF20260141C3","volume-title":"Biomimicry resource handbook: a seed bank of best practices","author":"Baumeister","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026092220124131500_RSIF20260141C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111\u202f622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2022.111622","article-title":"Tensile and fracture behavior of silica fibers from the Venus flower basket (Euplectella aspergillum)","volume":"253","author":"Morankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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