{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:09:36Z","timestamp":1792786176629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"243","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NERC","award":["NE\/S007407\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S007407\/1"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Edinburgh","award":["EP\/P030564\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P030564\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton that produce complex and intricately shaped mineralized scales called coccoliths. Coccoliths are produced in an intracellular vesicle where crystal nucleation occurs, from which several individual calcite units develop with anisotropic crystallographic facets, prompting studies into the cellular mechanisms that control crystal growth within the cell. Here, we characterize those morphological developments in three dimensions that occur during the formation of coccoliths by the species Gephyrocapsa huxleyi using cryo-ptychographic X-ray computed tomography. This technique is ideally suited to study coccolith mineral development, as intracellular structures can be imaged intact in their native state without needing to disrupt cells. Combined with additional imaging of developing coccoliths using cryo-transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we report a quasi-continuous sequence of coccolith growth with the respective calculated mass for each state. Within this growth sequence, we identified that a significant proportion of the coccoliths were at the proto-coccolith ring stage, consistent with a rate-limiting step in their formation that we correlated to the shift in growth of the crystals from isotropic to anisotropic, potentially owing to constraints imposed by adjacent crystal units. This study provides unique insights into the morphological evolution of coccoliths during their development, and strengthens our understanding of this important biomineralization process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2026.0369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:22:56Z","timestamp":1791332576000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deciphering coccolith formation: advanced microscopy insights from the biomineralization of\n                    <i>Gephyrocapsa huxleyi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8613-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Triccas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh 1 , Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 5 , Dusseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Verezhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut PSI 6 , Villigen, AG, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Ihli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut PSI 6 , Villigen, AG, Switzerland"},{"name":"Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron 8 , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Guizar-Sicairos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut PSI 7 , Villigen, AG, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, EPFL 9 , Lausanne, VD, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut PSI 6 , Villigen, AG, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fraser","family":"Laidlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh 2 , Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research Platform for Hidden Cell Biology, The University of Edinburgh 3 , Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Chamard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University 10 , Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, The University of Edinburgh 4 , Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman A.","family":"Gr\u00fcnewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Fresnel Marseille 11 , Marseille, Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7464-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh 1 , Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.19960080307","article-title":"Stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate by specialized macromolecules in biological and synthetic precipitates","volume":"8","author":"Aizenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.67","article-title":"Control of aragonite or calcite polymorphism by mollusk shell macromolecules","volume":"271","author":"Falini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195049770.001.0001","volume-title":"On biomineralization","author":"Lowenstam","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807168","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807168","article-title":"Polymorph selectivity of coccolith-associated polysaccharides from Gephyrocapsa oceanica on calcium carbonate formation in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6582","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201106715","article-title":"Biomineralization as an inspiration for materials chemistry","volume":"51","author":"Nudelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03319.x","article-title":"Sequential coccolith morphogenesis in Hymenomonas carterae","volume":"18","author":"Outka","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(83)90103-X","article-title":"Polysaccharide localization, coccolith formation, and Golgi dynamics in the coccolithophorid Hymenomonas carterae","volume":"85","author":"Van der Wal","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Ultrastruct. Res."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/09670260601159346","article-title":"Dynamics of formation and secretion of heterococcoliths by Coccolithus pelagicus ssp. braarudii","volume":"42","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10295","article-title":"Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification","volume":"476","author":"Beaufort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154122","article-title":"Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world","volume":"320","author":"Iglesias-Rodriguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q09006","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GC001227","article-title":"Species-specific responses of calcifying algae to changing seawater carbonate chemistry","volume":"7","author":"Langer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1501822","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501822","article-title":"Why marine phytoplankton calcify","volume":"2","author":"Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2005.03.006","article-title":"The role of the global carbonate cycle in the regulation and evolution of the Earth system","volume":"234","author":"Ridgwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci. Lett."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0168","article-title":"Construction and morphogenesis of the chiral ultrastructure of coccoliths from the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi","volume":"258","author":"Didymus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C15","first-page":"441","article-title":"Single crystalline nature of coccolith elements of the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi as determined by electron-diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron-microscopy","volume":"234","author":"Mann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/356516a0","article-title":"Crystal assembly and phylogenetic evolution in heterococcoliths","volume":"356","author":"Young","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2113\/0540189","article-title":"Biomineralization within vesicles: the calcite of coccoliths","volume":"54","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(03)00180-5","article-title":"Regulation of CaCO3 formation in coccolithophores","volume":"136","author":"Marsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-8477(02)00503-8","article-title":"Galacturonomannan and Golgi-derived membrane linked to growth and shaping of biogenic calcite","volume":"139","author":"Marsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2004-11-1217","article-title":"Biological control on calcite crystallization: AFM investigation of coccolith polysaccharide function","volume":"89","author":"Henriksen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9272-4","article-title":"Effect of coccolith polysaccharides isolated from the coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi, on calcite crystal formation in in vitro CaCO3 crystallization","volume":"13","author":"Kayano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2016.09.010","article-title":"Lattice distortions in coccolith calcite crystals originate from occlusion of biomacromolecules","volume":"196","author":"Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2024.108066","article-title":"Control of crystal growth during coccolith formation by the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica","volume":"216","author":"Triccas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107476","article-title":"Morphological development of Pleurochrysis carterae coccoliths examined by cryo-electron tomography","volume":"210","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm1748","article-title":"Complex morphologies of biogenic crystals emerge from anisotropic growth of symmetry-related facets","volume":"376","author":"Avrahami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025670118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025670118","article-title":"Intracellular nanoscale architecture as a master regulator of calcium carbonate crystallization in marine microalgae","volume":"118","author":"Kadan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.10.008","article-title":"Three-dimensional mass density mapping of cellular ultrastructure by ptychographic X-ray nanotomography","volume":"192","author":"Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC04670D","article-title":"Ptychographic X-ray tomography reveals additive zoning in nanocomposite single crystals","volume":"11","author":"Ihli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04217.x","article-title":"Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton","volume":"23","author":"Keller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113701","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4996092","article-title":"OMNY PIN\u2014a versatile sample holder for tomographic measurements at room and cryogenic temperatures","volume":"88","author":"Holler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043706","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5020247","article-title":"OMNY\u2014a tOMography Nano crYo stage","volume":"89","author":"Holler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2008.12.011","article-title":"Probe retrieval in ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging","volume":"109","author":"Thibault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576720001776","article-title":"PtychoShelves, a versatile high-level framework for high-performance analysis of ptychographic data","volume":"53","author":"Wakonig","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36637","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.036637","article-title":"Alignment methods for nanotomography with deep subpixel accuracy","volume":"27","author":"Odstrcil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2005.05.009","article-title":"Fourier shell correlation threshold criteria","volume":"151","author":"van Heel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FD00021A","article-title":"Nanobeam-scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy reveals the elemental composition of dense intracellular bodies in biomineralizing coccolithophores","volume":"261","author":"Chevrier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Farad. Discuss."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadv0618","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adv0618","article-title":"Dynamic change of calcium-rich compartments during coccolithophore biomineralization","volume":"11","author":"Triccas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12604","article-title":"Formation and mosaicity of coccolith segment calcite of the marine algae Emiliania huxleyi","volume":"54","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2009.06.005","article-title":"The density of cement phases","volume":"39","author":"Balonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cement Concr. Res."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.001","article-title":"Density mapping of hardened cement paste using ptychographic X-ray computed tomography","volume":"36","author":"Trtik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cement Concr. Comp."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08635-x","article-title":"X-ray nanotomography of coccolithophores reveals that coccolith mass and segment number correlate with grid size","volume":"10","author":"Beuvier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(00)00003-5","article-title":"Calculation of coccolith volume and its use in calibration of carbonate flux estimates","volume":"47","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res., Part II"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-40-6-503.1","article-title":"A review of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), with particular reference to growth, coccolith formation, and calcification-photosynthesis interactions","volume":"40","author":"Paasche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01294713","article-title":"Coccolith crystals of Pleurochrysis carterae: crystallographic faces, organization, and development","volume":"207","author":"Marsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2019.08.007","article-title":"Three-dimensional architecture and surface functionality of coccolith base plates","volume":"208","author":"Marzec","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12052","article-title":"Substrate supply for calcite precipitation in Emiliania huxleyi: assessment of different model approaches","volume":"49","author":"Holtz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451003703014","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying calcification in coccolithophores","volume":"27","author":"Mackinder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geomicrobiol. J."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2001068","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001068","article-title":"Crystallization in confinement","volume":"32","author":"Meldrum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2309547","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309547","article-title":"Transport-limited growth of coccolith crystals","volume":"36","author":"Avrahami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15562-8","article-title":"The role of the cytoskeleton in biomineralisation in haptophyte algae","volume":"7","author":"Durak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2010.00916.x","article-title":"On the role of the cytoskeleton in coccolith morphogenesis: the effect of cytoskeleton inhibitors","volume":"46","author":"Langer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026101510520559000_U-be6rdhd1","article-title":"Deciphering coccolith formation: advanced microscopy insights from the biomineralisation of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi, 2020-2026","author":"Triccas","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026101510520559000_RSIF20260369C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2026.0369","article-title":"Deciphering coccolith formation: advanced microscopy insights from the biomineralization of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi","author":"Triccas","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Society Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsif\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsif.2026.0369\/6168808\/rsif.2026.0369.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsif\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsif.2026.0369\/6168808\/rsif.2026.0369.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:52:24Z","timestamp":1792075944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsif\/article\/23\/243\/20260369\/483500\/Deciphering-coccolith-formation-advanced"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"243","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2026.0369","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-5689","1742-5662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-5689","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-5662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"20260369"}}