{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:34:42Z","timestamp":1791920082886,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The regional specialization of brain function has been well documented in the mouse and fruitfly. The expression of regulatory factors in specific regions of the brain during development suggests that they function to establish or maintain this specialization. Here, we focus on two such factors\u2014the<jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>cephalic gap genes<jats:italic>empty spiracles<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>ems<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>orthodenticle<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>otd<\/jats:italic>), and their vertebrate homologues<jats:italic>Emx1\/2<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Otx1\/2<\/jats:italic>\u2014and review novel insight into their multiple crucial roles in the formation of complex sensory systems. While the early requirement of these genes in specification of the neuroectoderm has been discussed previously, here we consider more recent studies that elucidate the later functions of these genes in sensory system formation in vertebrates and invertebrates. These new studies show that the<jats:italic>ems<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Emx<\/jats:italic>genes in both flies and mice are essential for the development of the peripheral and central neurons of their respective olfactory systems. Moreover, they demonstrate that the<jats:italic>otd<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Otx<\/jats:italic>genes in both flies and mice are essential for the development of the peripheral and central neurons of their respective visual systems. Based on these recent experimental findings, we discuss the possibility that the olfactory and visual systems of flies and mice share a common evolutionary origin, in that the conserved visual and olfactory circuit elements derive from conserved domains of<jats:italic>otd\/Otx<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>ems\/Emx<\/jats:italic>action in the urbilaterian ancestor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.120177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T08:01:00Z","timestamp":1367481660000},"page":"120177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Conserved roles of<i>ems\/Emx<\/i>and<i>otd\/Otx<\/i>genes in olfactory and visual system development in<i>Drosophila<\/i>and mouse"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50\/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"VijayRaghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.3.12a.1940"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346485a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05284.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"687","volume-title":"The development of Drosophila melanogaster","author":"Jurgens G","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.21.4185","article-title":"Targeting gene expression to the head: the Drosophila orthodenticle gene is a direct target of the Bicoid morphogen","volume":"125","author":"Gao Q","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346482a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.4.9.1516"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.18.8363"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(78)90029-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"308","article-title":"Early neurogenesis in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"193","author":"Hartenstein V","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dev. 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