{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:48:16Z","timestamp":1791067696176,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Of the 200+ serogroups of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            , only O1 or O139 strains are reported to cause cholera, and mostly in endemic regions. Cholera outbreaks elsewhere are considered to be via importation of pathogenic strains. Using established animal models, we show that diverse\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains indigenous to a non-endemic environment (Sydney, Australia), including non-O1\/O139 serogroup strains, are able to both colonize the intestine and result in fluid accumulation despite lacking virulence factors believed to be important. Most strains lacked the type three secretion system considered a mediator of diarrhoea in non-O1\/O13\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that the Sydney isolates did not form a single clade and were distinct from O1\/O139 toxigenic strains. There was no correlation between genetic relatedness and the profile of virulence-associated factors. Current analyses of diseases mediated by\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            focus on endemic regions, with only those strains that possess particular virulence factors considered pathogenic. Our data suggest that factors other than those previously well described are of potential importance in influencing disease outbreaks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.120181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T02:34:24Z","timestamp":1360809264000},"page":"120181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Indigenous\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            strains from a non-endemic region are pathogenic"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Atiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Labbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Melvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema T.","family":"Johura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cravioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151919, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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