{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:15:05Z","timestamp":1790806505818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            are noscomially acquired, opportunistic pathogens that pose a major threat to the health of burns patients and the immunocompromised. We sequenced the genomes of\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates RNS_PA1, RNS_PA46 and RNS_PAE05, which displayed resistance to almost all frontline antibiotics, including gentamicin, piperacillin, timentin, meropenem, ceftazidime and colistin. We provide evidence that the isolates are representatives of\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence type (ST) 235 and carry Tn\n            <jats:italic>6162<\/jats:italic>\n            and Tn\n            <jats:italic>6163<\/jats:italic>\n            in genomic islands 1 (GI1) and 2 (GI2), respectively. GI1 disrupts the\n            <jats:italic>endA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene at precisely the same chromosomal location as in\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            strain VR-143\/97, of unknown ST, creating an identical CA direct repeat. The class 1 integron associated with Tn\n            <jats:italic>6163<\/jats:italic>\n            in GI2 carries a\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>GES-5<\/jats:sub>\n            \u2013\n            <jats:italic>aacA4<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2013\n            <jats:italic>gcuE15<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2013\n            <jats:italic>aphA15<\/jats:italic>\n            cassette array conferring resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides. GI2 is flanked by a 12 nt direct repeat motif, abuts a tRNA-gly gene, and encodes proteins with putative roles in integration, conjugative transfer as well as integrative conjugative element-specific proteins. This suggests that GI2 may have evolved from a novel integrative conjugative element. Our data provide further support to the hypothesis that genomic islands play an important role in de novo evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes in\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.150175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T10:07:24Z","timestamp":1457604444000},"page":"150175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Genomic islands 1 and 2 play key roles in the evolution of extensively drug-resistant ST235 isolates of\n            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piklu","family":"Roy Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, PMB 4008, Camden, New South Wales 2567, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Worden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Huntington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology North, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology North, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Karagiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEALS Department of Microbiology, Level 4, Campus Centre Prince of Wales Hospital, Baker Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.10.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.29074\/ascls.24.1.43","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"24","author":"Moore NM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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