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We provide a first analysis of\n            <jats:italic>Atf3<\/jats:italic>\n            mouse mutants in peripheral nerve regeneration. In\n            <jats:italic>Atf3<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant mice, facial nerve regeneration and neurite outgrowth of adult ATF3-deficient primary dorsal root ganglia neurons was decreased. Using genome-wide transcriptomics, we identified a neuropeptide-encoding RAG cluster (vasoactive intestinal peptide (\n            <jats:italic>Vip<\/jats:italic>\n            )\n            <jats:italic>, Ngf, Grp, Gal, Pacap<\/jats:italic>\n            ) regulated by ATF3. Exogenous administration of neuropeptides enhanced neurite growth of\n            <jats:italic>Atf3<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant mice suggesting that these molecules might be effector RAGs of ATF3's pro-regenerative function. In addition to the induction of growth-promoting molecules, we present data that ATF3 suppresses growth-inhibiting molecules such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. In summary, we show a pro-regenerative ATF3 function during PNS nerve regeneration involving transcriptional activation of a neuropeptide-encoding RAG cluster. ATF3 is a general injury-inducible factor, therefore ATF3-mediated mechanisms identified herein might apply to other cell and injury types.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.160091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T18:58:48Z","timestamp":1472669928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["<i>Atf3<\/i>\n            mutant mice show reduced axon regeneration and impaired regeneration-associated gene induction after peripheral nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus G\u00fcnzburg, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sinske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Kn\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00053"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20934"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Tuning the orchestra: transcriptional pathways controlling axon regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Tedeschi A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tedeschi A. 2011 Tuning the orchestra: transcriptional pathways controlling axon regeneration. 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