{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:21:27Z","timestamp":1789172487266,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In 2015, the Royal Society of London held a meeting to discuss the various hypotheses regarding the origin of the Eukarya. Although not all participants supported a hypothesis, the proposals that did fit into two broad categories: one group favoured \u2018Prokaryotes First\u2019 hypotheses and another addressed \u2018Eukaryotes First\u2019 hypotheses. Those who proposed Prokaryotes First hypotheses advocated either a fusion event between a bacterium and an archaeon that produced the first eukaryote or the direct evolution of the Eukarya from the Archaea. The Eukaryotes First proponents posit that the eukaryotes evolved initially and then, by reductive evolution, produced the Bacteria and Archaea. No mention was made of another previously published hypothesis termed the Nuclear Compartment Commonality (NuCom) hypothesis, which proposed the evolution of the Eukarya and Bacteria from nucleated ancestors (Staley 2013\n            <jats:italic>Astrobiol Outreach<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n            , 105 (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4172\/2332-2519.1000105\">doi:10.4172\/2332-2519.1000105<\/jats:ext-link>\n            )). Evidence from two studies indicates that the nucleated Planctomycetes\u2013Verrucomicrobia\u2013Chlamydia superphylum members are the most ancient Bacteria known (Brochier &amp; Philippe 2002\n            <jats:italic>Nature<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>417<\/jats:bold>\n            , 244 (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/417244a\">doi:10.1038\/417244a<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ); Jun\n            <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n            2010\n            <jats:italic>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>107<\/jats:bold>\n            , 133\u2013138 (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0913033107\">doi:10.1073\/pnas.0913033107<\/jats:ext-link>\n            )). This review summarizes the evidence for the NuCom hypothesis and discusses how simple the NuCom hypothesis is in explaining eukaryote evolution relative to the other hypotheses. The philosophical importance of simplicity and its relationship to truth in hypotheses such as NuCom and Domain Cell Theory is presented. Domain Cell Theory is also proposed herein, which contends that each of the three cellular lineages of life, the Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya domains, evolved independently, in support of the NuCom hypothesis. All other proposed hypotheses violate Domain Cell Theory because they posit the evolution of different cellular descendants from ancestral cellular types.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T09:10:23Z","timestamp":1498641023000},"page":"170041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Domain Cell Theory supports the independent evolution of the Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea and the Nuclear Compartment Commonality hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2345-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Staley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.12.4576"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","volume-title":"Eukaryotic origins: progress and challenges. 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