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Recently, we identified disease-linked mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>CCNF<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, which encodes the cyclin F protein, in cohorts of patients with familial and sporadic ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (Williams KL\n            <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n            . 2016\n            <jats:italic>Nat. Commun.<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n            , 11253. (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms11253\">doi:10.1038\/ncomms11253<\/jats:ext-link>\n            )). Cyclin F is a part of a Skp1-Cul-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex and is responsible for ubiquitylating proteins for degradation by the proteasome. In this study, we investigated the phosphorylation status of cyclin F and the effect of the serine to glycine substitution at site 621 (S621G) on E3 ligase activity. This specific mutation (S621G) was found in a multi-generational Australian family with ALS\/FTD. We identified seven phosphorylation sites on cyclin F, of which five are newly reported including Ser621. These phosphorylation sites were mostly identified within the PEST (proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine) sequence located at the C-terminus of cyclin F. Additionally, we determined that casein kinase II (CK2) can phosphorylate Ser621 and thereby regulate the E3 ligase activity of the SCF\n            <jats:sup>(cyclin F)<\/jats:sup>\n            complex. Furthermore, the S621G mutation in cyclin F prevents phosphorylation by CK2 and confers elevated Lys48-ubiquitylation activity, a hallmark of ALS\/FTD pathology. These findings highlight the importance of phosphorylation in regulating the activity of the SCF\n            <jats:sup>(cyclin F)<\/jats:sup>\n            E3 ligase complex that can affect downstream processes and may lead to defective motor neuron development, neuron degeneration and ultimately ALS and FTD.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T09:10:13Z","timestamp":1507713013000},"page":"170058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Casein kinase II phosphorylation of cyclin F at serine 621 regulates the Lys48-ubiquitylation E3 ligase activity of the SCF\n            <sup>(cyclin F)<\/sup>\n            complex"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Research Park Drive, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Research Park Drive, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serene S. L.","family":"Gwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Morsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Sundaramoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Shahheydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Ragagnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Don","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam K.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin J.","family":"Yerbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie D.","family":"Atkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian P.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease 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