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In the ascomycete\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , six loci,\n                    <jats:italic>hxnS<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/AN9178 encoding the molybdenum cofactor-containing nicotinate hydroxylase, AN11197 encoding a Cys2\/His2 zinc finger regulator HxnR, together with AN11196\/\n                    <jats:italic>hxnZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    , AN11188\/\n                    <jats:italic>hxnY<\/jats:italic>\n                    , AN11189\/\n                    <jats:italic>hxnP<\/jats:italic>\n                    and AN9177\/\n                    <jats:italic>hxnT<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are clustered and stringently co-induced by a nicotinate derivative and subject to nitrogen metabolite repression mediated by the GATA factor AreA. These genes are strictly co-regulated by HxnR. Within the\n                    <jats:italic>hxnR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, constitutive mutations map in two discrete regions.\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is capable of using nicotinate and its oxidation products 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine as sole nitrogen sources in an HxnR-dependent way. HxnS is highly similar to HxA, the canonical xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and has originated by gene duplication, preceding the origin of the Pezizomycotina. This cluster is conserved with some variations throughout the Aspergillaceae. Our results imply that a fungal pathway has arisen independently from bacterial ones. Significantly, the neo-functionalization of XDH into nicotinate hydroxylase has occurred independently from analogous events in bacteria. This work describes for the first time a gene cluster involved in nicotinate catabolism in a eukaryote and has relevance for the formation and evolution of co-regulated primary metabolic gene clusters and the microbial degradation of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -heterocyclic compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T05:10:16Z","timestamp":1512537016000},"page":"170199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A eukaryotic nicotinate-inducible gene cluster: convergent evolution in fungi and bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Judit","family":"\u00c1mon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Bokor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Cultrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Flipphi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Scazzocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay, France"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Imperial College, London, UK (present address of CS)"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France (present address of CS)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6374-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Hamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH)"},{"name":"Institute de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02928.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Molybdenum and molybdenum-containing enzymes","author":"Scazzocchio C","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"The purine degradation pathway, genetics, biochemistry and regulation","volume":"29","author":"Scazzocchio C","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog. 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