{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:28:27Z","timestamp":1790789307734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31822054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31822054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017YFD0500402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500402"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China","award":["2662019PY079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662019PY079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a ubiquitous pathogen infecting one-third of the global population. A significant fraction of toxoplasmosis cases is caused by reactivation of existing chronic infections. The encysted bradyzoites during chronic infection accumulate high levels of amylopectin that is barely present in fast-replicating tachyzoites. However, the physiological significance of amylopectin is not fully understood. Here, we identified a starch synthase (SS) that is required for amylopectin synthesis in\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Genetic ablation of SS abolished amylopectin production, reduced tachyzoite proliferation, and impaired the recrudescence of bradyzoites to tachyzoites. Disruption of the parasite Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -dependent protein kinase 2 (CDPK2) was previously shown to cause massive amylopectin accumulation and bradyzoite death. Therefore, the\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394cdpk2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant is thought to be a vaccine candidate. Notably, deleting SS in a\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394cdpk2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant completely abolished starch accrual and restored cyst formation as well as virulence in mice. Together these results suggest that regulated amylopectin production is critical for the optimal growth, development and virulence of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Not least, our data underscore a potential drawback of the\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394cdpk2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant as a vaccine candidate as it may regain full virulence by mutating amylopectin synthesis genes like SS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T19:05:26Z","timestamp":1623783926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Role of amylopectin synthesis in\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    and its implication in vaccine development against toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Congcong","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0103-271X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00135-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Weiss"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1831348a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.89.2306.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"657","article-title":"Toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis III. 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