{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:38:47Z","timestamp":1787063927155,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010049","name":"Kingston University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although the mechanisms by which schistosomes grow and develop in humans are poorly defined, their unique outer tegument layer, which interfaces with host blood, is considered vital to homeostasis of the parasite. Here, we investigated the importance of tegument lipid rafts to the biology of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the context of host\u2013parasite interactions. We demonstrate the temporal clustering of lipid rafts in response to human epidermal growth factor (EGF) during early somule development, concomitant with the localization of anteriorly orientated EGF receptors (EGFRs) and insulin receptors, mapped using fluorescent EGF\/insulin ligand. Methyl-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -cyclodextrin (M\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    CD)-mediated depletion of cholesterol from lipid rafts abrogated the EGFR\/IR binding at the parasite surface and led to modulation of protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling pathways within the parasite. Furthermore, M\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    CD-mediated lipid raft disruption, and blockade of EGFRs using canertinib, profoundly reduced somule motility and survival, and attenuated stem cell proliferation and somule growth and development particularly to the fast-growing liver stage. These findings provide a novel paradigm for schistosome development and vitality in the host, driven through host\u2013parasite interactions at the tegument, that might be exploitable for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to combat human schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.230262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T19:05:10Z","timestamp":1704827110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Human growth factor-mediated signalling through lipid rafts regulates stem cell proliferation, development and survival of\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shradha","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3739-2530","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruth S.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott P.","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, SRUC School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8549-7156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 2013 Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001\u20132011 and strategic plan 2012\u20132020. Technical report. See https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978941503174."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-203"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007951"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931187"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03042"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010309"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00031-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(73)90004-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010451"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix654"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3642"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042255"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011236"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01681"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.14.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036052"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01596"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.092015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509631200"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200700763"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M117.067041"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600285-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6030039"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00156-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(87)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35614"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-215"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2002.282.1.E1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00032.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3350433"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2005.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3334"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001988"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002924"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-12-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv464"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi025943i"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050959"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00768"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33221"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2003.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20058"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05610.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009868"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001032"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040820"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Specific binding of human low-density lipoprotein to the surface of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni and ingestion by the parasite","volume":"138","author":"Bennett MW","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bennett MW, Caulfield JP. 1991 Specific binding of human low-density lipoprotein to the surface of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni and ingestion by the parasite. Am. J. Pathol. 138, 1173-1182.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(70)90170-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1615-9861(200108)1:8<1010::AID-PROT1010>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2586.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23962-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D400041-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000900032"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21587-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2020.111264"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103995200"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200003)30:3<954::AID-IMMU954>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.33.21099"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21563"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5307"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11924"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12473"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04437"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005634"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6314"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005418"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(02)00098-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00064-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D120000672"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky948"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2095-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_91_2","volume-title":"Schistosomes: development, reproduction, and host relations","author":"Basch PF","year":"1991","unstructured":"Basch PF. 1991 Schistosomes: development, reproduction, and host relations. New York, NY: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3280632"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-9-30"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.531558"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-439R"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000759"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2.S1.S53"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990965"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006590"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800725R"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05333-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_104_2","unstructured":"Maharjan S Kirk RS Lawton SP Walker AJ. 2023 Human growth factor-mediated signalling through lipid rafts regulates stem cell proliferation development and survival of Schistosoma mansoni. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.6960934)"}],"container-title":["Open Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsob.230262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsob.230262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsob.230262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T19:05:29Z","timestamp":1704827129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsob.230262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsob.230262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.230262","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOB.230262\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOB.230262\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOB.230262\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOB.230262\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-2441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"230262"}}