{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:24:12Z","timestamp":1779395052465,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"The Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CIC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant threat due to their propensity for causing various infections, often coupled with formidable resistance to conventional antibiotic treatments. The development of antivirulence (AV) compounds emerges as a promising alternative strategy by disrupting virulence mechanisms rather than targeting bacterial viability. Aurodox has exhibited promising AV properties in previous studies by blocking the expression and function of the LEE-encoded type 3 secretion system (T3SS) in enterohaemorrhagic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an injectosome that translocates effector proteins directly into host target cells. However, aurodox\u2019s efficacy against the T3SS of other pathogens remained unanswered. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we show that aurodox exerts inhibitory effects on selected T3SS including those of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium,\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Imaging of RAW 264.7 cells infected with\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium showed that aurodox protects against late stages of infection by blocking the expression of the SPI-2 T3SS. To elucidate a conserved mechanism of action, we compared transcriptomic datasets from both\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium treated with aurodox to identify orthologous genes differentially expressed in response to aurodox treatment across both pathogens. This study sheds light on potential mechanisms driving the action of this promising AV compound.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.240240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T19:06:46Z","timestamp":1732648006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aurodox inhibits type III secretion in multiple Gram-negative pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Mark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicky","family":"O\u2019Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Microbiology &amp; School of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics &amp; Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 A2H0, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabo R.","family":"Wale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"},{"name":"Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha K.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-6134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2019.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0004-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3456"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00692-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000358"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00595-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2010.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7480-7491.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12651"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002983"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","unstructured":"Mark DR O\u2019Boyle N Wale KR Tucker SK McHugh RE Roe A. 2024 Supplementary material: Aurodox inhibits type III secretion in multiple Gram-negative pathogens. Figshare. 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