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The first step in the synthesis of lipid-linked polysaccharides is the substitution of a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar by a lipid monophosphate catalysed by a phosphoglycosyl transferase (PGT). We report the 3.0 \u00c5 cryo-electron microscopy apo-structure of the PGT enzyme WbaP from Escherichia coli, a UDP-galactose:undecaprenolphosphate galactose-1-phosphoryl transferase. The structure is a dimer with each monomer formed of four N-terminal transmembrane helices, a small \u03b1\/\u03b2 domain with a distinctive \u03b2-hairpin that inserts into the other monomer, and a catalytic domain, which sits perpendicular to the transmembrane domain. A complex of WbaP with the UDP-galactose substrate shows binding of the UDP moiety by R319 and R377. Mutations of R319 and R377, along with K331 and R401, highlighted the essential nature of these residues for the catalytic activity of the protein, as confirmed by an in vivo functional assay. Our results provide new insights into the PGT family of enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.250369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:13:44Z","timestamp":1787098424000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural insights into the polytopic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    phosphoglycosyl transferase WbaP"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Weckener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus 1 , Didcot, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Le Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus 1 , Didcot, UK"},{"name":"2 , Oxford, 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Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus 1 , Didcot, UK"},{"name":"3 , Oxford, UK","department":["Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Giltrap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus 1 , Didcot, UK"},{"name":"4 , Oxford, UK","department":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford"]},{"name":"5 , Oxford, UK","department":["Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Els","family":"Pardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10 , Brussels, Belgium","department":["Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)"]},{"name":"11 , Brussels, Belgium","department":["VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1688-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abirami","family":"Lakshminarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 , Oxford, UK","department":["Division of Structural Biology (STRUBI), University of Oxford"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3825-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Steyaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10 , Brussels, Belgium","department":["Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)"]},{"name":"11 , Brussels, Belgium","department":["VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin 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