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A multipronged conservation strategy is in place, but a vaccine that prevents devils from developing devil facial tumour disease would be a major step towards recovering the wild devil population. Critical to an effective DFT vaccine are target antigens. Putative non-coding regions of genomes have been identified as potential tumour-specific antigens for human cancer. These non-coding regions include long terminal repeats (LTRs) of endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). We identified 11 193 ERV LTR transcripts that were expressed in DFT1 or DFT2 transcriptomes but not in healthy tissue samples. Using a proteogenomic approach, we identified 33 ERV LTR peptides unique to DFT1 and\/or DFT2 immunopeptidomes; five of these were validated in subsequent screens with synthetic peptides. The ERV LTR peptides identified in this study can be tested as vaccine targets in DFT1 and DFT2 vaccines. This method can be applied to other species for the development of cancer vaccine targets that may be shared across tumour types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.250430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:08:22Z","timestamp":1791331702000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of expressed endogenous retroviral element associated long terminal repeats in devil facial tumour cells"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuk","family":"Kruawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania 1 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1704-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian R.","family":"Stammnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) 4 , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania 2 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri H.","family":"Ramarathinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University 5 , Clayton, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrissie E. B.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania 1 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8394-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Fairfax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania 3 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Patchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Health Team, Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 6 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Bruce","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Health Team, Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 6 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4550-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Flies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania 1 , Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13703","article-title":"Quantifying 25 years of disease-caused declines in Tasmanian devil populations: host density drives spatial pathogen spread","volume":"24","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/439549a","article-title":"Allograft theory: transmission of devil facial-tumour disease","volume":"439","author":"Pearse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519691113","article-title":"A second transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils","volume":"113","author":"Pye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq6453","article-title":"The evolution of two transmissible cancers in Tasmanian devils","volume":"380","author":"Stammnitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03259-2","article-title":"Two of a kind: transmissible Schwann cell cancers in the endangered Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)","volume":"77","author":"Patchett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2026100620081488000_RSOB250430C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1711058","article-title":"An oral bait vaccination approach for the Tasmanian devil facial tumor diseases","volume":"19","author":"Flies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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