{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:08:49Z","timestamp":1787724529840,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie-Curie Fellowship - AGAPE program","award":["MEST-CT-2004-504318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEST-CT-2004-504318"]}]},{"name":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) PhD studentship","award":["NER\/S\/A\/2001\/06405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NER\/S\/A\/2001\/06405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact zones between ecotypes are windows for understanding how species may react to climate changes. Here, we analysed the fine-scale genetic and morphological variation in harbour porpoises (<jats:italic>Phocoena phocoena<\/jats:italic>) around the UK by genotyping 591 stranded animals at nine microsatellite loci. The data were integrated with a prior study to map at high resolution the contact zone between two previously identified ecotypes meeting in the northern Bay of Biscay. Clustering and spatial analyses revealed that UK porpoises are derived from two genetic pools with porpoises from the southwestern UK being genetically differentiated, and having larger body sizes compared to those of other UK areas. Southwestern UK porpoises showed admixed ancestry between southern and northern ecotypes with a contact zone extending from the northern Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea and Channel. Around the UK, ancestry blends from one genetic group to the other along a southwest--northeast axis, correlating with body size variation, consistent with previously reported morphological differences between the two ecotypes. We also detected isolation by distance among juveniles but not in adults, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal. The fine-scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T10:16:48Z","timestamp":1488363408000},"page":"160992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in southwestern UK waters revealed by genetic profiling"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u00ebl C.","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Thatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Carouge, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Piry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR CBGP, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Brownlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK"},{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency, Polwhele, Truro, Cornwall TR4 9AD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Jepson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Deaville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.19.110188.002501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.25.110194.002555"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/89.5.451"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-5-30"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03244.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2009.01887.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"4854","article-title":"Genetic differentiation among North Atlantic killer whale populations","volume":"21","author":"Foote AD","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1558"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12653"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"569","article-title":"The harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena (L.): regional populations, status, and information on direct and indirect catches","volume":"34","author":"Gaskin DE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rep. Int. Whal. Comm"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.amb.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phocoena phocoena","volume":"42","author":"Gaskin DE","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mamm. Species"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-118"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Handbook of marine mammals","author":"Read AJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps338281"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps327297"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012534212853"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12817"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-009-0023-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044425"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Note on the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in Mauritania, West Africa","volume":"35","author":"Smeenk C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lutra"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Harbour porpoises in the North Atlantic: edited extract from the report of the IWC Scientific Committee, Dublin 1995","volume":"16","author":"Donovan GP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rep. Int. Whal. Commn."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2009.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08790"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315410000664"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-013-2274-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"The diet of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the northeast Atlantic","volume":"41","author":"Santos M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2006.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150252899752"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201258109"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0412"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.2.114","article-title":"Isolation by Distance","volume":"28","author":"Wright S","year":"1943","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/145.4.1219","article-title":"Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance","volume":"145","author":"Rousset F","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2650"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","unstructured":"Jepson PD. 2003 Pathology and toxicology of stranded harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena ) in UK waters. PhD thesis University of London London UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","unstructured":"Law RJ. 1994 Collaborative UK marine mammal project: summary of data produced 1988\u20131992. Fisheries Research Technical Report. Lowestoft UK: MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073051"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","unstructured":"NOAA-NGDC. 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2v2) . See http:\/\/www.ngdc.noaa.gov\/mgg\/fliers\/06mgg01.html (accessed 27 November 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","unstructured":"Jepson PD (ed). 2005 Cetacean strandings investigation and co-ordination in the UK 2000\u20132004. Final report to the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs pp. 1\u201379."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","unstructured":"Jepson PD Perkins M Brownlow A Davinson NJ Doeschate ten M Smith B Lyal R Sabin R Penrose R. 2014 Annual Report for the period 1 January\u201331 December 2014 (contract number MB0111) pp. 1\u201362."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","unstructured":"NODC-NOAA. World Ocean Atlast 01. See http:\/\/www.nodc.noaa.gov\/OC5\/WOA01\/qd_ts01.html (accessed 27 November 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","unstructured":"NASA. Sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor database (SeaWIFS). See http:\/\/oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov\/cms\/ (accessed 27 November 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure","volume":"38","author":"Weir BS","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","unstructured":"Belkhir K Borsa P Chikhi L Raufaste N Bonhomme F. 2004 GENETIX 4.05 logiciel sous Windows TM pour la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations. Laboratoire G\u00e9nome Populations Interactions CNRS UMR 5171 Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II Montpellier France."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","unstructured":"Goudet J. 2001 FSTAT a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9. 3). See http:\/\/www2.unil.ch\/popgen\/softwares\/fstat.htm (accessed 8 September 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12067"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn478"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2004.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies","volume":"164","author":"Falush D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"Pritchard JK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12387"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.32.3.2006.301"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2008.130"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000686"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02868.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2008.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr521"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2000.00137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400847242","volume-title":"Genetic structure and selection in subdivided populations","author":"Rousset F","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2002.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00843.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_2","volume-title":"Biogeography of the OSPAR maritime area","author":"Dinter W","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_68_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Quality Status Report 2010","author":"OSPAR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050042"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.1999.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315407054938"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062180"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2013.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_75_2","unstructured":"Fontaine MC Thatcher O Ray N Piry S Brownlow A Davison NJ Jepson P Deaville R Goodman SJ. 2017 Data from: Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in southwestern UK waters revealed by genetic profiling. Dryad Digital Repository. (http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.k4p46)"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.160992","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.160992","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.160992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:14:18Z","timestamp":1658708058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.160992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.160992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.160992","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}