{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:09:19Z","timestamp":1770487759632,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007631","name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            A pleiotropic gene governs multiple traits, which might constrain the evolution of complexity due to conflicting selection on these traits. However, if the pleiotropic effect is modular, then this can facilitate synergistic responses to selection on functionally related traits, thereby leveraging the evolution of complexity. To understand the evolutionary consequence of pleiotropy, the relation among functionally different traits governed by the same gene is key. We examined a pleiotropic function of the\n            <jats:italic>foraging<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>for<\/jats:italic>\n            ) gene with its rover and sitter allelic variants in fruit fly,\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n            . We measured\n            <jats:italic>for<\/jats:italic>\n            's effect on adult male aggressive behaviours and whether this effect was shaped by\n            <jats:italic>for<\/jats:italic>\n            's known role in food-related traits. Rover exhibited higher levels of offensive behaviour than sitters and s2, a sitter-like mutant on rover genetic background. With a Markov chain model, we estimated the rate of aggression escalation, and found that the rover pattern of aggressive escalation more rapidly intensified fights. Subsequent analysis revealed that this was not caused by\n            <jats:italic>for<\/jats:italic>\n            's effect on food-related traits, suggesting that\n            <jats:italic>for<\/jats:italic>\n            might directly regulate aggressive behaviours. Food deprivation did not elevate aggression, but reduced intermediate-level aggressive behaviours. Aggression and other foraging-related behaviour might comprise a synergistic trait module underlaid by this pleiotropic gene.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T09:10:18Z","timestamp":1493197818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Aggressive behaviours, food deprivation and the\n            <i>foraging<\/i>\n            gene"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Silu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7462-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marla B.","family":"Sokolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2"},{"name":"Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2406060"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27468"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"Fundamental concepts in genetics: the pleiotropic structure of the genotype\u2013phenotype map: the evolvability of complex organisms","volume":"12","author":"Wagner GP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner GP, Zhang J. 2011 Fundamental concepts in genetics: the pleiotropic structure of the genotype\u2013phenotype map: the evolvability of complex organisms. Nat. Publ. Gr. 12, 204\u2013213. (doi:10.1038\/nrg2949)","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Gr."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2267"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06756"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004666107"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067774"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.1.157"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1987.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.834"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.116.197939"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68964-5_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000609"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-011-0672-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05764"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","volume-title":"Motivation: theory and research","author":"Cofer CN","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cofer CN, Appley MH. 1964 Motivation: theory and research. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.010124"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.71604"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10274"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00889"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(87)80130-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346467"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)90068-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05967.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(85)80175-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(86)90007-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0310.2001.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300096"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1966.tb01703.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(84)80357-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.11.5044"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404693101"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.404"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082102599"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853976X00398"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077918"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.98.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv049"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","unstructured":"Wang S. 2017 See https:\/\/github.com\/setophaga\/codes-for-Evo-manuscripts\/blob\/master\/Absorbing_MarkovChain_behavior_transition.R."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2015 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (http\/\/www.R-project.org\/)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","unstructured":"Wang S Sokolowski MB. 2017 Data from: Aggressive behaviours food-deprivation and the foraging gene. Dryad Digital Repository. (doi:10.5061\/dryad.41pr0)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1864"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.203935"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90459.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284489"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"The evolution of diversity in avian territorial systems","volume":"76","author":"Brown JL","year":"1964","unstructured":"Brown JL. 1964 The evolution of diversity in avian territorial systems. Wilson Bull. 76, 160\u2013169. (doi:10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004)","journal-title":"Wilson Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21466"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Evolving modular architectures for neural networks","volume":"12","author":"Di Ferdinando A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Di Ferdinando A, Calabretta R, Parisi D. 2001 Evolving modular architectures for neural networks. Proc. Sixth Neural Comput. Psychol. Work. Evol. Learn. Dev. 12, 253\u2013262.","journal-title":"Proc. Sixth Neural Comput. Psychol. Work. Evol. Learn. Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(84)80294-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z61-031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380240a0"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.170042","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.170042","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.170042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:11:59Z","timestamp":1745932319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.170042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.170042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.170042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"170042"}}