{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T03:33:37Z","timestamp":1768707217949,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avascular necrosis, diagnosed on the basis of either a specific pathological modification of the articular surfaces of bone or its radiologic appearance in vertebral centra, has been recognized in many Mesozoic marine reptiles as well as in present-day marine mammals. Its presence in the zoological and paleontologic record is usually associated with decompression syndrome, a disease that affects secondarily aquatic vertebrates that could dive. Bone necrosis can also be caused by infectious processes, but it differs in appearance from decompression syndrome-associated aseptic necrosis. Herein, we report evidence of septic necrosis in the proximal articular surface of the femur of a marine reptile,<jats:italic>Pistosaurus longaevus<\/jats:italic>, from the Middle Triassic of Poland and Germany. This is the oldest recognition of septic necrosis associated with septic arthritis in the fossil record so far, and the mineralogical composition of pathologically altered bone is described herein in detail. The occurrence of septic necrosis is contrasted with decompression syndrome-associated avascular necrosis, also described in<jats:italic>Pistosaurus longaevus<\/jats:italic>bone from Middle Triassic of Germany.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T13:01:11Z","timestamp":1501074071000},"page":"170204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Two types of bone necrosis in the Middle Triassic<i>Pistosaurus longaevus<\/i>bones: the results of integrated studies"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Surmik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Park of Science &amp; Human Evolution, 1 Maja 10, 46-040 Krasiej\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Earth Science, University of Silesia, B\u0119dzi\u0144ska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Rothschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Museum, 4400 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Dulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pu\u0142ku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pu\u0142ku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Janiszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51\/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"699","article-title":"Pistosaurus longaevus aus dem Muschelkalke der Gegend von Bayreuth","author":"Meyer H","year":"1839","journal-title":"Neues Jahrb. 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