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Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low molecular weight compounds are typically used by insects and plants for defence against predators. They are often stored as inactive \u03b2-glucosides and kept separate from activating \u03b2-glucosidases. When the two components are mixed, the \u03b2-glucosides are hydrolysed releasing toxic aglucones. Cyanogenic plants contain cyanogenic glucosides and release hydrogen cyanide due to such a well-characterized two-component system. Some arthropods are also cyanogenic, but comparatively little is known about their system. Here, we identify a specific \u03b2-glucosidase (<jats:italic>ZfBGD2)<\/jats:italic>involved in cyanogenesis from larvae of<jats:italic>Zygaena filipendulae<\/jats:italic>(Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae), and analyse the spatial organization of cyanide release in this specialized insect. High levels of<jats:italic>ZfBGD2<\/jats:italic>mRNA and protein were found in haemocytes by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Heterologous expression in insect cells showed that ZfBGD2 hydrolyses linamarin and lotaustralin, the two cyanogenic glucosides present in<jats:italic>Z. filipendulae<\/jats:italic>. Linamarin and lotaustralin as well as cyanide release were found exclusively in the haemoplasma. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that<jats:italic>ZfBGD2<\/jats:italic>clusters with other insect \u03b2-glucosidases, and correspondingly, the ability to hydrolyse cyanogenic glucosides catalysed by a specific \u03b2-glucosidase evolved convergently in insects and plants. The spatial separation of the \u03b2-glucosidase ZfBGD2 and its cyanogenic substrates within the haemolymph provides the basis for cyanide release in<jats:italic>Z. filipendulae<\/jats:italic>. This spatial separation is similar to the compartmentalization of the two components found in cyanogenic plant species, and illustrates one similarity in cyanide-based defence in these two kingdoms of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T09:10:17Z","timestamp":1498641017000},"page":"170262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Spatial separation of the cyanogenic \u03b2-glucosidase ZfBGD2 and cyanogenic glucosides in the haemolymph of<i>Zygaena<\/i>larvae facilitates cyanide release"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3101-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Pentzold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Kn\u00f6ll-Stra\u00dfe 8, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael Kryger","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Erik","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science 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