{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:47:38Z","timestamp":1762102058287,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007143","name":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SG-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG-2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007463","name":"Rufford Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18815-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18815-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D16ZO-413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D16ZO-413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            During five reproductive seasons, we documented the presence, extent and origin of perineal wounds in South American fur seal pups (\n            <jats:italic>Arctocephalus australis<\/jats:italic>\n            ) on Guafo Island, Northern Chilean Patagonia. The seasonal prevalence of perineal wounds ranged from 5 to 9%, and new cases were more common at the end of the breeding season (February), when pups were on average two months old and were actively expelling hookworms (\n            <jats:italic>Uncinaria<\/jats:italic>\n            sp). Histologically, wounds corresponded to marked ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic dermatitis with granulation tissue and mixed bacterial colonies. In 2015 and 2017, kelp gulls (\n            <jats:italic>Larus dominicanus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and dolphin gulls (\n            <jats:italic>Leucophaeus scoresbii<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were observed picking and wounding the perineal area of marked pups. This behaviour occurred more frequently after the pups' defecation, when sea gulls engaged in consumption of pups' faeces. The affected pups usually had moderate to marked hookworm infections along with bloody diarrhoea and anaemia. Pups with severe wounds (23% of affected animals) had swollen perineal areas and signs of secondary systemic bacterial infection. We propose that seagulls on Guafo Island have learned to consume remains of blood and parasites in the faeces of pups affected by hookworm infection, causing perineal wounds during this process. We conclude that this perineal wounding is an unintentional, occasional negative effect of an otherwise commensal gull\u2013fur seal relationship.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T13:01:11Z","timestamp":1501074071000},"page":"170638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Kelp and dolphin gulls cause perineal wounds in South American fur seal pups (\n            <i>Arctocephalus australis<\/i>\n            ) at Guafo Island, Chilean Patagonia"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Seguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Montalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Marina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Perez-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Medicine Program and Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecolog\u00eda y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, 252 Republica St., Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Pav\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Santo Tomas, Los Carrera 753, Osorno, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Gottdenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Predation of marine invertebrates by the kelp gull Larus dominicanus in an undisturbed intertidal rocky shore of central Chile","volume":"59","author":"Bahamondes I","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev. 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Ornitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-11-293"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","unstructured":"Seguel M Mu\u00f1oz M Perez-Venegas D Muller A Pav\u00e9s H Gottdenker N. Submitted. Live fast and die young life history strategy drives pinniped hookworm's virulence. PNAS ."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816677151"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","unstructured":"BirdLife International. 2016 Larus scoresbii . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22694271A93444620. See http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.20163.RLTS.T22694271A93444620.en."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BirdLife International. 2016 Larus dominicanus . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22694329A93448691. 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