{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:12:22Z","timestamp":1773839542420,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005440","name":"Center for Scientific Review","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01GM103612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM103612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005440","name":"Center for Scientific Review","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1DC10051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1DC10051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Otitis media (OM) is a common polymicrobial infection of the middle ear in children under the age of 15 years. A widely used experimental strategy to analyse roles of specific phenotypes of bacterial pathogens of OM is to study changes in co-infection kinetics of bacterial populations in animal models when a wild-type bacterial strain is replaced by a specific isogenic mutant strain in the co-inoculating mixtures. As relationships between the OM bacterial pathogens within the host are regulated by many interlinked processes, connecting the changes in the co-infection kinetics to a bacterial phenotype can be challenging. We investigated middle ear co-infections in adult chinchillas (\n                    <jats:italic>Chinchilla lanigera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) by two major OM pathogens: non-typeable\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (NTHi) and\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mcat), as well as isogenic mutant strains in each bacterial species. We analysed the infection kinetic data using Lotka\u2013Volterra population dynamics, maximum entropy inference and Akaike information criteria-(AIC)-based model selection. We found that changes in relationships between the bacterial pathogens that were not anticipated in the design of the co-infection experiments involving mutant strains are common and were strong regulators of the co-infecting bacterial populations. The framework developed here allows for a systematic analysis of host\u2013host variations of bacterial populations and small sizes of animal cohorts in co-infection experiments to quantify the role of specific mutant strains in changing the infection kinetics. Our combined approach can be used to analyse the functional footprint of mutant strains in regulating co-infection kinetics in models of experimental OM and other polymicrobial diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1542165958000},"page":"180810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mutations in bacterial genes induce unanticipated changes in the relationship between bacterial pathogens in experimental otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Vinal","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayak","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C. L.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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