{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:00:02Z","timestamp":1759147202246,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Research in Human Movement Variability","award":["NIH P20GM109090","NIH R15HD08682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH P20GM109090","NIH R15HD08682"]}]},{"name":"Fund for Undergraduate Scholarly Experiences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE"},{"name":"NASA & EPSCoR","award":["NNX11M06A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX11M06A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study tested if the quadratic relationship which exists between stepping frequency and gait dynamics in walking can be generalized to stairmill climbing. To accomplish this, we investigated the joint angle dynamics and variability during continuous stairmill climbing at stepping frequencies both above and below the preferred stepping frequency (PSF). Nine subjects performed stairmill climbing at 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% PSF and treadmill walking at preferred walking speed during which sagittal hip, knee and ankle angles were extracted. Joint angle dynamics were quantified by the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) and correlation dimension (CoD). Joint angle variability was estimated by the mean ensemble standard deviation (meanSD). MeanSD and CoD for all joints were significantly higher during stairmill climbing but there were no task differences in LyE. Changes in stepping frequency had only limited effect on joint angle variability and did not affect joint angle dynamics. Thus, we concluded that the quadratic relationship between stepping frequency and gait dynamics observed in walking is not present in stairmill climbing based on the investigated parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T12:23:25Z","timestamp":1547641405000},"page":"180996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lower limb joint angle variability and dimensionality are different in stairmill climbing and treadmill walking"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0119-9141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P. C.","family":"Raffalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vallabhajosula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Education, School of Health Sciences, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, College of Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, College of Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-9939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Stergiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, College of Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.1.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(90)90035-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199104000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1995.9941708"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and slow cadences","volume":"1983","author":"Winter DA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Energy-speed relation and optimal speed during level walking","volume":"17","author":"Ralston HJ","year":"1958","journal-title":"Int. Z Angew. Physiol. Einschliesslich Arbeitsphysiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00430237"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43986"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","article-title":"The effect of walking speed on gait variability in healthy young, middle-aged and elderly individuals","volume":"2015","author":"Chien JH","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Activ. Nutr. Rehab."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(88)90003-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Innovative analyses of human movement - analytical tools for human movement research","author":"Kurz MJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00609"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(83)90298-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(85)90011-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10110"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00029-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","volume-title":"Dynamics of human gait","author":"Vaughan CL","year":"1992","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Innovative analyses of human movement - analytical tools for human movement research","author":"James CR","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Nonlinear analysis for human movement variability","author":"Hunt NH","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0091924"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127493000647"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01053745"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Nonlinear analysis for human movement variability","author":"Wurdeman SR","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(85)90007-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404197367056"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1336798"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05879"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0654-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90282-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1992.9941608"},{"volume-title":"The co-ordination and regulation of movements","year":"1967","author":"Bernstein N","key":"e_1_3_7_43_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(97)00042-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00081.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)65027-9"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.180996","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.180996","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.180996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:07:41Z","timestamp":1613866061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.180996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.180996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.180996","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2054-5703"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}