{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:47:17Z","timestamp":1787010437608,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mechanistic mathematical models are often employed to understand the dynamics of infectious diseases within a population or within a host. They provide estimates that may not be otherwise available. We have developed a within-host mathematical model in order to understand how the pathophysiology of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi contributes to its incubation period. The model describes the process of infection from ingestion to the onset of clinical illness using a set of ordinary differential equations. The model was parametrized using estimated values from human and mouse experimental studies and the incubation period was estimated as 9.6 days. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the parameters that most affect the derived incubation period. The migration of bacteria to the caecal lymph node was observed as a major bottle neck for infection. The sensitivity analysis indicated the growth rate of bacteria in late phase systemic infection and the net population of bacteria in the colon as parameters that most influence the incubation period. We have shown in this study how mathematical models aid in the understanding of biological processes and can be used in estimating parameters of infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.182143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T03:05:59Z","timestamp":1568171159000},"page":"182143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Within-host mathematical modelling of the incubation period of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Typhi"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-5422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adedoyin","family":"Awofisayo-Okuyelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-2784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Response Department Science and Technology (ERD S&amp;T), Health Protection Directorate, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0272"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis296"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90255-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"Notes from the field: Salmonella Typhi infections associated with contaminated water\u2014Zimbabwe, October 2011\u2013May 2012","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"640","article-title":"An outbreak of typhoid fever due to contamination of the municipal water supply in northern Israel","volume":"24","author":"Egoz N","year":"1988","journal-title":"Isr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1917.04270040151004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000300"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146642405007000201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-7454-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.16.10.1011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-4-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-476"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02277062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017 Background document: The diagnosis treatment and prevention of typhoid fever. (cited 10 October 2017) Report No.: WHO\/V&B\/03.07. See http:\/\/www.who.int\/rpc\/TFGuideWHO.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","volume-title":"CDC yellow book 2018","author":"Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-51691-7_7","volume-title":"Immunology and epidemiology","author":"Marchuk GI","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2015 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. See www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01399.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-5-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050495"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00174-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006098107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003532"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0163"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9833"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","volume-title":"Nanomedicine, Vol. I: basic capabilities","author":"Freitas R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.4.503"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.2.2955448"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(96)04592-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.5.3404","article-title":"Differences in initial rate of intracellular killing of Salmonella typhimurium by resident peritoneal macrophages from various mouse strains","volume":"134","author":"van Dissel JT","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.041624-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.81.6.863-868.1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/453563"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu078"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01138-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.4.251"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.6.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","unstructured":"Brusch J. 2017 Typhoid fever follow-up: further outpatient care further inpatient care deterrence\/prevention. 19 September 2017. See https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/231135-followup#e1."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ673"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91395-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32149-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3391-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1914.02570180023005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1683-1687.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ726"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880005737X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1969.00300210088013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652003000400002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","unstructured":"Awofisayo-Okuyelu A Pratt A McCarthy N Hall I. 2019 Data from: Within-host mathematical modelling of the incubation period of Salmonella Typhi. Dryad Digital Repository . (doi:10.5061\/dryad.p2gm5q8)"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.182143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.182143","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.182143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T23:36:33Z","timestamp":1695166593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.182143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.182143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.182143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}