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Previous studies in music have revealed that frequency-based bias (e.g. conformity and novelty) drives large-scale cultural diversity in different ways across domains and levels of analysis. Music sampling is an ideal research model for this process because samples are known to be culturally transmitted between collaborating artists, and sampling events are reliably documented in online databases. The aim of the current study was to determine whether frequency-based bias has played a role in the cultural transmission of music sampling traditions, using a longitudinal dataset of sampling events across three decades. Firstly, we assessed whether turn-over rates of popular samples differ from those expected under neutral evolution. Next, we used agent-based simulations in an approximate Bayesian computation framework to infer what level of frequency-based bias likely generated the observed data. Despite anecdotal evidence of novelty bias, we found that sampling patterns at the population-level are most consistent with conformity bias. We conclude with a discussion of how counter-dominance signalling may reconcile individual cases of novelty bias with population-level conformity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.191149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T07:06:18Z","timestamp":1569395178000},"page":"191149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Conformity bias in the cultural transmission of music sampling traditions"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-1716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mason","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-019-0221-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203182109"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414495112"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ARTL_a_00238"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13610"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cultural evolution of emotional expression in 50 years of song lyrics","author":"Brand CO","year":"2019","journal-title":"SocArXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","volume-title":"Cultural transmission and evolution: a quantitative approach","author":"Cavalli-Sforza LL","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4165(87)90001-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.19.100190.001155"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","unstructured":"Boyd R Richerson PJ. 1992 How microevolutionary processes give rise to human history. 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