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Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The macropodine kangaroo,<jats:italic>Wallabia kitcheneri<\/jats:italic>, was first described in 1989 from a Pleistocene deposit within Mammoth Cave, southwestern Australia, on the basis of a few partial dentaries and maxilla fragments. Here, we recognize<jats:italic>W. kitcheneri<\/jats:italic>within the Pleistocene assemblages of the Thylacoleo Caves, south-central Australia, where it is represented by several cranial specimens and two near-complete skeletons, a probable male and female. We reallocate this species to the hitherto monotypic genus<jats:italic>Congruus<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Congruus kitcheneri<\/jats:italic>differs from all other macropodid species by having a highly unusual pocket within the wall of the nasal cavity. It is distinguished from<jats:italic>C. congruus<\/jats:italic>by having a longer, narrower rostrum, a taller occiput and a deeper jugal.<jats:italic>Congruus<\/jats:italic>is closest to<jats:italic>Protemnodon<\/jats:italic>in overall cranial morphology but is smaller and less robust. In most postcranial attributes,<jats:italic>Congruus<\/jats:italic>also resembles<jats:italic>Protemnodon<\/jats:italic>, including general limb robustness and the atypical ratio of 14 thoracic to five lumbar vertebrae. It is distinguished by the high mobility of its glenohumeral joints, the development of muscle attachment sites for strong adduction and mobility of the forelimb, and large, robust manual and pedal digits with strongly recurved distal phalanges. These adaptations resemble those of tree-kangaroos more than ground-dwelling macropodines. We interpret this to imply that<jats:italic>C. kitcheneri<\/jats:italic>was semiarboreal, with a propensity to climb and move slowly through trees. This is the first evidence for the secondary adoption of a climbing habit within crown macropodines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.202216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T08:06:17Z","timestamp":1616573177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The skeleton of<i>Congruus kitcheneri<\/i>, a semiarboreal kangaroo from the Pleistocene of southern Australia"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-3053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Warburton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Climate-Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems, Harry Butler Research Institute, Murdoch University, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, Kew Street, Welshpool, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin J.","family":"Prideaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2009.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.12273"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas8788"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO15007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"M\u00fcller S. 1840 Bijdragen tot de Kennis van Nieuw-Guinea. 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