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Soc. open sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Surface structure and composition play essential roles in the osseointegration of titanium implants. In the present study, a nanoscale surface structure incorporated with calcium ions was fabricated on a titanium surface by hydrothermal treatment. The characteristics of the surfaces were analysed, and the bioactivity of the samples was evaluated\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . nm-Ti and nm\/Ca-Ti surfaces were significantly more hydrophilic than control-Ti surfaces. nm\/Ca-Ti samples showed much faster bone-like apatite precipitation in simulated body fluid than the other samples. The results of MC3T3-E1 cell tests demonstrated that both nm-Ti and nm\/Ca-Ti surfaces accelerated cell adhesion and proliferation. The highest level of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteopontin and osteocalcin) were observed in nm\/Ca-Ti samples, followed by nm-Ti samples. Alizarin red staining experiment showed that the amount of extracellular matrix mineralized nodules in nm\/Ca-Ti group was significantly higher than others. In animal experiments using SD rats, nm\/Ca-Ti showed the highest value of new bone formation at two and four weeks. The present study suggested that the nanostructure and calcium ions showed synergetic effects on accelerating bone-like apatite precipitation and osteoblast cell growth and differentiation. Animal experiment further indicated that such surface could promote early osteogenesis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:16:17Z","timestamp":1660115777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synergistic effect of nanostructure and calcium ions on improving the bioactivity of titanium implants"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Hosseinijenab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-338X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Uncemented porous-coated anatomical total hip replacement","volume":"75","author":"Kim YH","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kim YH, Kim VEM. 1993 Uncemented porous-coated anatomical total hip replacement. 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