{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:23:15Z","timestamp":1781817795158,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Templeton World Charitable Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals who belong to a sexual minority are at greater risk of adverse health and social outcomes. These effects are observed during adolescence when many mental health problems, such as depression, first emerge. Here, we used a network analytic approach to better understand the role that sexual minority status plays in the association between depression, interpersonal difficulties and substance use in a large sample of mid-adolescents. In doing so, we used data from 8017 fourteen year olds from the UK\u2019s Millennium Cohort Study, of which 490 self-identified as belonging to a sexual minority. We found that sexual minority status was highly central in the network and connected to multiple adverse outcomes, sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly. The largest single association was between sexual minority status and depression, and this link mediated multiple negative associations with being in a sexual minority. The shortest path to drinking, poor social support and closeness with parents and victimization occurred via depression. The shortest path to smoking and drug use occurred via conduct problems. We also identified three distinct profiles of adverse outcomes among those belonging to a sexual minority, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of this group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T19:05:20Z","timestamp":1719342320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mapping the role of sexuality in adolescent mental health and substance use"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0180-185X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack L.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK"},{"name":"University College, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan E.","family":"Astle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah-Jayne","family":"Blakemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization\u2019s World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"6","author":"Kessler RC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kessler RC et al . 2007 Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization\u2019s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatr. 6 , 168\u2013176.","journal-title":"World Psychiatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417713664"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3309"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13109\/prkk.2014.63.3.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00810.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30339-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12079"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017067"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30383-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12539"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038994"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2021.100981"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000535"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080345"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13268"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007003039"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2010.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084789"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504281003705410"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499609551823"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001136"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615569578"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2469"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22270"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318196b91f"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13101401"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613481608"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9901-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.104977"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513505150"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-014-0507-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418001013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J155v07n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019027250506800305"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"The development of a questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Angold A","year":"1995","unstructured":"Angold A , Costello E , Messer S , Pickles A , Winder F , Silver D . 1995 The development of a questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 5 , 237\u2013249.","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1610"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2004.01427.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-003-0298-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i08"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","article-title":"Brief report on estimating regularized Gaussian networks from continuous and ordinal data","author":"Epskamp S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Epskamp S . 2017 Brief report on estimating regularized Gaussian networks from continuous and ordinal data. arXiv 1606.05771. (doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1606.05771)","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420981416"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380211102"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00336"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000446"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001258"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494820902914"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0295-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.27491"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12576"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1053-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840520970847"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13894"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrews J Astle DE Jones JS Blakemore SJ . 2024 Supplementary material from: Mapping the role of sexuality in adolescent mental health and substance use. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.7296214)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230955"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.230955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.230955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.230955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:25:26Z","timestamp":1723811126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.230955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.230955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.230955","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.230955\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-12","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"230955"}}