{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:47:32Z","timestamp":1787010452950,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Using synchronous kinematic and kinetic data in simulations of human running typically leads to dynamic inconsistencies. Minimizing residual forces and moments is subsequently important to ensure plausible model outputs. A variety of approaches suitable for residual reduction are available in OpenSim; however, a detailed comparison is yet to be conducted. This study compared OpenSim tools applicable for residual reduction in simulations of human running. Multiple approaches (i.e. Residual Reduction Algorithm,\n                    <jats:italic>MocoTrack<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AddBiomechanics<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) designed to reduce residual forces and moments were examined using an existing dataset of treadmill running at 5.0 ms\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The computational time, residual forces and moments, and joint kinematics and kinetics from each approach were compared. A computational cost to residual reduction trade-off was identified, where lower residuals were achieved using approaches with longer computational times. The\n                    <jats:italic>AddBiomechanics<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MocoTrack<\/jats:italic>\n                    approaches produced variable lower and upper body kinematics, respectively, versus the remaining approaches. Joint kinetics were similar between approaches; however,\n                    <jats:italic>MocoTrack<\/jats:italic>\n                    generated noisier upper limb joint torque signals.\n                    <jats:italic>MocoTrack<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the best-performing approach for reducing residuals to near-zero levels, at the cost of longer computational times. This study provides OpenSim users with evidence to inform decision-making at the residual reduction step of their workflow.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.231909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T03:51:22Z","timestamp":1714535482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The quest for dynamic consistency: a comparison of OpenSim tools for residual reduction in simulations of human running"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-6388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Victoria 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029304"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9191-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3005148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4031418"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204575"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.07.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","volume-title":"Stabilization of human walking by muscles revealed using three-dimensional muscle driven simulations","author":"John CT","year":"2012","unstructured":"John CT . 2012 Stabilization of human walking by muscles revealed using three-dimensional muscle driven simulations . Stanford, CA: Stanford University. See https:\/\/searchworks.stanford.edu\/view\/9544395"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2016.1183123"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111087"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2586891"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008493"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295152"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","unstructured":"AddBiomechanics . 2023 Stanford University. See https:\/\/addbiomechanics.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","unstructured":"NCSRR . 2017 How RRA works. The National Center for Simulation in Rehabilitation Research (NCSRR). See https:\/\/simtk-confluence.stanford.edu:8443\/display\/OpenSim\/How+RRA+Works"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","unstructured":"NCSRR . 2017 Settings files and XML tag definitions. The National Center for Simulation in Rehabilitation Research (NCSRR). See https:\/\/simtk-confluence.stanford.edu:8443\/display\/OpenSim\/Settings+Files+and+XML+Tag+Definitions"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","article-title":"OpenSim Moco: musculoskeletal optimal control","author":"Dembia CL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dembia CL , Bianco NA , Falisse A , Hicks JL , Delp SL . 2019 OpenSim Moco: musculoskeletal optimal control. bioRxiv (doi:10.1101\/839381)","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14852"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2021-0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","unstructured":"Fox A . 2024 Data from: aaronsfox\/dynamic-consistency-quest: dynamic consistency quest (V3.0). Zenodo.. See https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/10634026"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.231909","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.231909","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.231909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T11:09:30Z","timestamp":1714561770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.231909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.231909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.231909","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.231909\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.08.31.555836","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"231909"}}