{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:58:17Z","timestamp":1792450697217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007516","name":"National Park Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000106","name":"Office of Integrative Activities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000155","name":"Division of Environmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Prevailing theories about animal foraging behaviours and the food webs they occupy offer divergent predictions about whether seasonally limited food availability promotes dietary diversification or specialization. Emphasis on how animals compete for food predominates in work on the foraging ecology of large mammalian herbivores, whereas emphasis on how the diversity of available foods generally constrains dietary opportunity predominates work on entire food webs. Reconciling predictions about what promotes dietary diversification is challenging because species\u2019 different body sizes and mobilities modulate how they seek and compete for resources\u2014the mechanistic bases of common predictions may not pertain to all species equally. We evaluated predictions about five large-herbivore species that differ in body size and mobility in Yellowstone National Park using GPS tracking and dietary DNA. The data illuminated remarkably strong and significant correlations between body size and five key indicators of diet seasonality (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.71\u20130.80). Compared to smaller species, bison and elk showed muted diet seasonality and maintained access to more unique foods when winter conditions constrained food availability. Evidence from GPS collars revealed size-based differences in species\u2019 seasonal movements and habitat-use patterns, suggesting that better accounting for the allometry of foraging behaviours may help reconcile disparate ideas about the ecological drivers of seasonal diet switching.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T19:06:04Z","timestamp":1725995164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2594-0061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethan L.","family":"Littleford-Colquhoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Geremia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs , Mammoth, WY 82190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"McGarvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs , Mammoth, WY 82190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0100-1833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jerod A.","family":"Merkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah K.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellowstone Herbarium, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs , Mammoth, WY 82190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlisle R.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellowstone Herbarium, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs , Mammoth, WY 82190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Y.","family":"Kartzinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Brown University Herbarium, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Maywar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Nantais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camela","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, IL 62901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8488-0580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tyler R.","family":"Kartzinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Organismal Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04887"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1721.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/282379"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/282454"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/343878"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0630.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603039103"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13351"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.02.110171.002101"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230337"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","volume-title":"Foraging theory","author":"Stephens DW","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stephens DW , Krebs JR . 1986 Foraging theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (doi:10.1515\/9780691206790)"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13327"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/698726"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3921"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709263105"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0369"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204400119"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503283112"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","first-page":"590","article-title":"On competition and variable environments: populations may experience \u2018ecological crunches\u2019 in variable climates, nullifying the assumptions of competition theory and limiting the usefulness of short-term studies of population patterns","volume":"65","author":"Wiens JA","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wiens JA . 1977 On competition and variable environments: populations may experience \u2018ecological crunches\u2019 in variable climates, nullifying the assumptions of competition theory and limiting the usefulness of short-term studies of population patterns. Am. Sci. 65 , 590\u2013597.","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.0198"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2145"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(88)90166-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1708.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12772"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.0456"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913783116"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13848"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068714"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0771-86"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00345"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1549"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1494.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00147.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070798"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10289"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rama.2020.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01206.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","unstructured":"Dewitz J . 2019 National land cover database (NLCD) 2016 products. US Geological Survey data release. See https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P96HHBIE."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl938"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05403.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Package \u2018vegan\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Oksanen J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oksanen J , Blanchet FG , Kindt R , Legendre P , Minchin PR , O\u2019hara R et al . 2013 Package \u2018vegan\u2019. Commun. ecol. pack., ver. 2. 2 , 1\u2013295.","journal-title":"Commun. ecol. pack., ver. 2."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R CoreTeam","year":"2021","unstructured":"R CoreTeam . 2021 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","volume-title":"The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation","author":"Littleford\u2010Colquhoun BL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Littleford\u2010Colquhoun BL , Freeman PT , Sackett VI , Tulloss CV , McGarvey LM , Geremia C . 2022 The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation. Wiley Online Library. (doi:10.1111\/mec.16352)"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16712"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12613"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-6-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874213000902010007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"How to be a specialist? Quantifying specialisation in pollination networks","volume":"1","author":"Dormann CF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dormann CF . 2011 How to be a specialist? Quantifying specialisation in pollination networks. Netw. Biol. 1 , 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Netw. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Spatial relations of American bison Bison bison and domestic cattle in a montane environment","volume":"24","author":"Van Vuren D","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Vuren D . 2001 Spatial relations of American bison Bison bison and domestic cattle in a montane environment. Anim. Biodivers. Conserv. 24 , 117\u2013124.","journal-title":"Anim. Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison)","volume":"43","author":"McHugh T","year":"1958","unstructured":"McHugh T . 1958 Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison). Zoologica 43 , 1\u201340. (doi:10.5962\/p.206661)","journal-title":"Zoologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00776423"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024908"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1934090"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","volume-title":"Resource competition and community structure","author":"Tilman D","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tilman D . 1982 Resource competition and community structure. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (doi:10.1515\/9780691209654)"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[0867:LHATSO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816298116"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14100"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801874161"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853951X00089"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13843"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12971"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14296"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littleford-Colquhoun B Geremia C McGarvey L Merkle J Hoff H Anderson H . 2023 Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Zenodo. (doi:10.5281\/zenodo.10080879)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240136"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littleford-Colquhoun B Geremia C McGarvey L Merkle J Hoff H Anderson H . 2024 Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Dryad Digital Repository. (doi:10.5061\/dryad.h18931zst)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240136"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littleford-Colquhoun BL Geremia C McGarvey LM Merkle JA Hoff HK Anderson H et al . 2024 Data from: Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in yellowstone national park. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.7425860)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240136"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.240136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.240136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.240136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:10:50Z","timestamp":1727061050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.240136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.240136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.240136","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240136\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-24","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"240136"}}