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Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interpersonal synchrony is a crucial construct in understanding social interactions, which has been used in clinical studies to measure the quality of the therapeutic alliance. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the correlation between synchrony expressed on different levels: behavioural and neurophysiological. Furthermore, there are no studies that examine how the implementation of psychodramatic role-playing techniques, when individuals adopt the persona of a different character, may influence intrinsic biobehavioural synchrony between two parties. The present study, therefore, aims to uncover the relationship between behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony across different role-playing techniques and elucidate the impact of these synchronies on participants\u2019 levels of anxiety and empathy. By using functional near-infrared imaging and behavioural coding in a dyadic role-playing paradigm (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 41 dyads), the study found correlations between behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony during naturalistic conversations, but not during role-play, implying a qualitative change in interpersonal synchrony when implementing role-playing techniques. Additionally, the study noted significant contributions of both behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony as well as peripheral factors such as dyadic sex make-up and role immersion in predicting dyadic anxiety and empathy changes. Findings call for future studies to consider role-playing scenarios as a qualitatively different form of social interaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1727170756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Synchrony within, synchrony without: establishing the link between interpersonal behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony during role-play"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-6123","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengyu","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2737-0218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Carollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento , Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-8350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bizzego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento , Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1540-5516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annabel S. 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