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Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The widespread and abundant brooding brittle-star (\n                    <jats:italic>Amphipholis squamata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a simultaneous hermaphrodite with a complex mitochondrial phylogeography of multiple divergent overlapping mtDNA lineages, high levels of inbreeding or clonality and unusual sperm morphology. We use exon-capture and transcriptome data to show that the nuclear genome comprises multiple (greater than 3) divergent (\u03c0 &gt; 6%) expressed components occurring across samples characterized by highly divergent (greater than 20%) mitochondrial lineages, and encompassing several other genera, including diploid dioecious species. We report a massive sperm genome size in\n                    <jats:italic>A. squamata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an order of magnitude larger than that present in other brittle-stars, and consistent with our SNP-based measure of greatly elevated ploidy. Similarity of these genetic signatures to well-known animal systems suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>A. squamata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (and related taxa) is a hybrid polyploid asexual complex of variable subgenome origins, ploidy and reproductive mode. We discuss enigmatic aspects of\n                    <jats:italic>A. squamata<\/jats:italic>\n                    biology in this light. This putative allopolyploid complex would be the first to be reported from the phylum Echinodermata.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T05:18:23Z","timestamp":1723007903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic variation in the brooding brittle-star: a global hybrid polyploid complex?"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Hugall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-9808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-6578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16396"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.34.1.401"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0538"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542934"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004270050152"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2410300"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2000.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07924259.2007.9652249"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13528"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2101485118"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13717"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esaa031"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87278-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486307630"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps278171"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"The embryology of the viviparous ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata Delle Chiaje","volume":"75","author":"Fell HB","year":"1946","unstructured":"Fell HB. 1946 The embryology of the viviparous ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata Delle Chiaje. 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