{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:34:11Z","timestamp":1772156051369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011730","name":"Templeton World Charity Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309, 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309, 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["802979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["802979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"F\u00fcrst Dietrichstein Stiftung"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Early maternal loss can have lasting detrimental effects on primate social development. While many rehabilitation settings provide enriching environments to buffer against such effects in orphans, previous research indicates that young bonobo (\n                    <jats:italic>Pan paniscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) orphans exhibit striking deficiencies in socio-emotional competence compared to their mother-reared peers. However, such studies are generally cross-sectional, without accounting for changes across the lifespan. We conducted longitudinal observations in bonobos living in an accredited African ape sanctuary to examine how rearing background, sex and age predict social tendencies including affiliation, consolation and aggression risk. Affiliative tendencies increased in females and decreased in males with age but were overall lower in orphans compared to mother-reared bonobos. Consolation tendencies decreased with age in mother-reared bonobos, while orphans showed consistently lower consolation (akin to levels of older mother-reared individuals). Young and male bonobos were more likely to receive aggression, while mother-reared and older females were more likely aggressors. Our study highlights the potential that ape sanctuaries like this can have by demonstrating that orphans exhibit decreased affiliative tendencies yet show social functioning ranging within patterns of their mother-reared peers. We discuss these results in the context of bonobos\u2019 natural social ecology and ongoing rehabilitation efforts in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T19:06:47Z","timestamp":1734462407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors shaping socio-emotional trajectories in sanctuary-living bonobos: a longitudinal approach"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1849-064X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Kordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jake S.","family":"Brooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-6653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frans B.M.","family":"de Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-1732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zanna","family":"Clay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11181"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22411"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-020-2804-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5746"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1572"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20308"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-020-00853-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505275116"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_10_2","article-title":"Do the effects of early severe deprivation on cognition persist into early adolescence?","volume":"16","author":"Beckett C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beckett C, Maughan B, Castle J, Colvert E, Groothues C, Kreppner J, Stevens S, O\u2019Connor TG, Sonuga-Barke EJS. 2006 Do the effects of early severe deprivation on cognition persist into early adolescence?. 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