{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:28:44Z","timestamp":1773300524719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The global decline of shark populations, largely driven by overfishing to supply the shark fin trade, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Southeast Asia, and particularly Singapore, is a key hub for the transit and trade of shark fins that contribute to the exploitation of these apex predators. Through the use of DNA barcoding techniques, this study aimed to determine what species of shark are involved in the Singapore shark fin trade. Fins were collected from markets, dried goods shops and traditional Chinese medicine halls throughout Singapore. In total, DNA was extracted from 684 fins collected in January 2024 and PCR amplification targeted a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene for species identification. Results revealed fins from 24 species across 16 genera, with 19 species listed on CITES Appendices II, and 16 listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List (critically endangered = 2, endangered = 4, vulnerable = 10). The top five most frequently identified species were\n                    <jats:italic>Carcharhinus falciformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Galeorhinus galeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizoprionodon oligolinx, Sphyrna lewini<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizoprionodon acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Of these, four are listed on CITES Appendix II and four are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T19:05:22Z","timestamp":1725390322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Beneath the surface: DNA barcoding of shark fins in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Saigal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah Ng","family":"Shueh Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nageen Ayesha","family":"Rameez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siebe","family":"van Manen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"},{"name":"University College Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bui Tr","family":"Van Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"},{"name":"Fulbright University Vietnam , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidhi P.","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Ding Max","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenelle Qian Tong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adlan","family":"Syaddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Kexin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa X. Y.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9061-5962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore , Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03173-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00590"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18785\/gcr.1902.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13962"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35091-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12910"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605312001718"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2012.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","unstructured":"Dent F S Clarke . State of the global market for shark products. In press."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.340.6135.923-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-018-0826-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206596"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2007.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003741117"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","unstructured":"Nakamura JN . 2023 Implementing the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) through national fisheries legal frameworks. FAO. See http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cc8051en."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","unstructured":"CITES . Convention on International Trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora | CITES. In press. See https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/disc\/text.php (accessed 21 May 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070802"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10590"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2021.104714"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-023-01519-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-024-09861-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","unstructured":"Ya BP . Shark and Ray Trade in Singapore - wildlife trade report from TRAFFIC. In press. See https:\/\/www.traffic.org\/publications\/reports\/shark-and-ray-trade-in-singapore\/ (accessed 4 October 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-022-09713-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Traders catchers and species","author":"Okes N","unstructured":"Okes N , Sant G . Traders catchers and species. In press, p. 38."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-014-0291-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12842"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892911000609"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/mre.22.3.42629561"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212410","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation in and food safety of shark meat from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea","volume":"14","author":"Kim SW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim SW et al . 2019 Heavy metal accumulation in and food safety of shark meat from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. PLoS One 14 , e0212410. (doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0212410)","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c02585"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111281"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2021.104914"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.398"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","first-page":"100055","article-title":"Sharks on a plane: large shark fin seizure shines light on shark exploitation","volume":"2","author":"Partin TG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Partin TG , Gonzalez AJ , Burnham-Curtis MK . 2022 Sharks on a plane: large shark fin seizure shines light on shark exploitation. Forensic Sci. Int. 2 , 100055. (doi:10.1016\/j.fsiae.2022.100055)","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101514"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-019-01862-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1716"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.907714"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF07148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.836941"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108821"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2006.00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax5777"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2021.105994"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35691\/JBM.5102.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-10-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-13-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-018-1108-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357153a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12457"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13043"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","first-page":"103230","article-title":"The genetic connectivity of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) across Indonesia","volume":"68","author":"Sembiring A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sembiring A et al . 2023 The genetic connectivity of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) across Indonesia. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 68 , 103230. (doi:10.1016\/j.rsma.2023.103230)","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","unstructured":"Jauharee R Anderson RC . Opinions count: decline in abundance of silky sharks in the central Indian ocean reported by Maldivian fishermen. In press. See https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/items\/d358bfb6-947e-4805-869e-e8ab8736c525 (accessed 21 May 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","unstructured":"Clark S . 2011 Analysis of north pacific shark data from japanese commercial longline and research\/training vessel records | WCPFC meetings. See https:\/\/meetings.wcpfc.int\/node\/7310 (accessed 21 May 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.04047.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13848"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0224-20170050"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/404\/1\/012076"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","article-title":"Population dynamics and stock assessment of grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-west coast of India","volume":"64","author":"Purushottama GB","unstructured":"Purushottama GB , Dash G , Das T , Akhilesh KV , Kizhakudan SJ , Zacharia PU . Population dynamics and stock assessment of grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-west coast of India. Indian J. Fish. 64 . (doi:10.21077\/ijf.2017.64.3.67657-02)","journal-title":"Indian J. Fish."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444302516.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16647"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","unstructured":"Saigal M Ng H Rameez NA van Manen S Van Anh BT Han KDM et al . 2024 Supplementary material from: Beneath the surface: DNA barcoding of shark fins sold in singapore. Figshare (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.7428275)"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.240532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.240532","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.240532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T19:07:13Z","timestamp":1725390433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.240532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.240532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.240532","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.240532\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-24","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"240532"}}