{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:08:48Z","timestamp":1790903328891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Domestic chickens kept for egg laying navigate inclines such as ramps in some commercial housing systems to aid in transitions between housing tiers. Laying hens use their wings and hindlimbs in a locomotion called wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) to ascend steep inclines. There is a potential relationship between the strength of the main flight muscles and the health of the keel bone from which they originate. We sought to test the effects of a controlled, WAIR-based exercise regimen during rearing on keel bone health and muscle properties of white- and brown-feathered laying hens. The WAIR exercise regimen, which consisted of exercise twice weekly for 16 weeks did not promote increases in muscle mass or physiological cross-sectional area at 21 weeks of age (WOA) and did not provide long-term benefits on keel fracture prevalence at 40 WOA. However, the brown-feathered birds were found to have lower amounts of keel fractures at 40 WOA in comparison with the white-feathered birds. Future studies should test for training that begins before chicks become fully feathered, exercises that emphasize full excursion of the wing during downstroke and different levels of intensity, frequency and duration to optimize flight muscle architecture and promote keel bone health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.241191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T19:07:11Z","timestamp":1740510431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hen-durance training\u2014effects of an exercise regimen on laying hen muscle architecture and fracture prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2438-9919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grace A. T.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Nutrition Modelling, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-6099","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bret W.","family":"Tobalske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-5553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nienke","family":"van Staaveren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"},{"name":"Department Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1739-3915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily M.","family":"Leishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Nutrition Modelling, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-7558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tina M.","family":"Widowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-7141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donald R.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, George Fox University, 414N Meridian Street, Newberg, OR 97132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-5281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Harlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3181e7da73"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4139"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5303.1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02310"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0529"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.001701"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117001896"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx050"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00233"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2022.100283"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa145"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933915002135"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229735"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220155"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.06.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660601077949"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103375"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0244-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041178"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-0099-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.770143"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0346-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0353"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.01038"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/164820b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.007476"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","article-title":"Muscle energetics and animal locomotion","author":"Goldspink G","year":"1977","unstructured":"Goldspink G. 1977 Muscle energetics and animal locomotion. Mech. Energ. Anim. Locomot. (doi:10.3\/JQUERY-UI.JS)","journal-title":"Mech. Energ. Anim. Locomot."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12678"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex059"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230817"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","volume-title":"Anatomy and physiology 2e","author":"Betts JG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Betts JG. 2022 Anatomical Terminology. In Anatomy and physiology 2e. Houston, Texas: OpenStax."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.93.1.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00124"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220809"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","unstructured":"de Almeida Mallmann B. 2019 Prediction and Evaluation of Breast Myopathy. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Retrieved from https:\/\/scholarworks.uark.edu\/etd\/3376."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933919000436"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104330"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030634"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.676212"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063982"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.052829"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.21.3319"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4831"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.102640"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.211561"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex146"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256105"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew236"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2016.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1784-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933916000696"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0521"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","unstructured":"Hong GAT Tobalske B van Staaveren N Leishman EM Widowski T Powers DR. 2024 Supplementary Material from: Hen-Durance Training \u2013 Effects of an Exercise Regimen on Laying Hen Muscle Architecture and Fracture Prevalence. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.7596404)"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.241191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsos.241191","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsos.241191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T19:07:20Z","timestamp":1740510440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.241191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsos.241191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.241191","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSOS.241191\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-24","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"241191"}}