{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:34:27Z","timestamp":1772156067971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007397","name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["R. Soc. Open Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parrots, valued companion animals with a concerning conservation status, can act as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases. During various infections, systemic inflammation significantly impairs host health. However, the regulation of inflammatory responses in birds, particularly in cognitively advanced parrots, remains poorly understood. Here, we examine parrot systemic inflammation in response to virus-mimicking stimulation. In budgerigars (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Melopsittacus undulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a novel model for neuroinflammation research, we induced sterile inflammation with synthetic poly(I:C) RNA and analysed dose-, time- and tissue-dependent gene expression patterns of key markers, including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NLRP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CASP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL6,<\/jats:italic>\n                    during acute immune response. We report a significant relationship between cytokine expression (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the intestine (local response) and brain (systemic response) that has not yet been described after viral stimulation in parrots. Peripheral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL6<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was upregulated at 3\u20136 h after stimulation with poly(I:C). In the brain, multiple genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) showed activation early during the immune response. These findings highlight the susceptibility of parrots to neuroinflammation following viral infections, having specific relevance for basic research in neurobiology, immunology and behavioural science, and also veterinary research in psittacine birds. Our study provides a foundation for future comparative research on avian neuro-immune crosstalk and neuroinflammation-related behavioural disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.251343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:06:01Z","timestamp":1759878361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The neuro-immune crosstalk between periphery and central nervous system during acute immune response to virus-mimicking RNA in parrots"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-9124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Balraj","family":"Melepat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-7214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Div\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1397-6516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Markov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-6194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1202-4902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nithya","family":"Kuttiyarthu Veetil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-6171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleni","family":"Voukali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-5281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucie","family":"Schmiedov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8097-5331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"T\u011b\u0161ick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University","place":["M\u00fcnchen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-9494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michal","family":"Vinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Praha, Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"Parrots of the world","author":"Forshaw JM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Forshaw JM, Knight F. 2024 Parrots of the world. 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