{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:51:16Z","timestamp":1791363076823,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013986","name":"UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101054836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101054836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We develop a constructional approach to ontology, focusing on sets, parts and relations. On this conception of ontology, one starts with some constructors and an initial collection of objects. Then, new objects emerge by construction, that is, from the application of constructors to objects. This approach, which is inspired by work of Kit Fine, provides a unified formalization of core components of prominent formal ontologies. The resulting formal theory is also shaped by its intended application as a top-level ontology (TLO) for the Information Management Framework of the UK's National Digital Twin (NDT).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.251390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:06:37Z","timestamp":1791331597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A constructional theory of sets, parts and relations"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5627-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Florio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3530-0295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Linnebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C1","volume-title":"Data for the public good","author":"NIC","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C2","volume-title":"The Gemini principles","author":"Bolton","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C3","volume-title":"The pathway towards an information management framework: a \u2018commons\u2019 for digital built Britain","author":"Hetherington","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C4","volume-title":"The approach to develop the Foundation Data Model for the Information Management Framework","author":"West","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C5","volume-title":"A survey of Top-Level Ontologies: to inform the ontological choices for a Foundation Data Model","author":"Partridge","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026100704072011000_RSOS251390C6","first-page":"83","article-title":"BORO as a foundation to enterprise ontology","volume":"30","author":"de Cesare","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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