{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:06:47Z","timestamp":1788916007553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"ANID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1241365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1241365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"ANID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANID-MILENIO-NCN2023_025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID-MILENIO-NCN2023_025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The evolution of webbed limbs represents a recurrent adaptation to aquatic life in tetrapods, facilitated by the dynamics of embryonic digit development. Digits form at the distal tip of the limb bud as cartilage condensations surrounded by mesenchymal cells, a process described as a Turing-type reaction between activator and inhibitor molecules. In species with free digits (lacking interdigital membranes), extensive programmed cell death occurs in the interdigital tissue, whereas this process is reduced in species with webbed limbs. Other factors potentially involved in the development of webbed limbs are fluctuations in oxygen tension, production of reactive oxygen species, and vascular remodelling, all of which have been documented in the embryonic interdigital tissue. Whether and how these phenomena are interrelated to the regression or persistence of the interdigital membrane remains poorly understood. On the basis of the analysis of skeletal and vascular development in ducks, using whole-mount immunofluorescence, we identified transient populations of chondrocytes that appear to influence the maintenance of interdigital vasculature and permit the continued growth of the membrane. Finally, we propose that current Turing models can explain the formation of these transient chondrocytes in ducks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.260583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:13:32Z","timestamp":1788912812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient cartilages and interdigital vasculature organization in the embryonic duck foot"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Botelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile 1 , Santiago, RM, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Early Evolutionary Transitions of Mammals, ANID 2 , Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Casanova","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile 1 , Santiago, RM, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile 3 , Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarena","family":"Faunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile 1 , Santiago, RM, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Early Evolutionary Transitions of Mammals, ANID 2 , Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile 3 , Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhart-Anjan S.","family":"Bhullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University 4 , New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C1","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Fins into limbs: evolution, development, and transformation","author":"Thewissen","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01695","article-title":"Delta-wing function of webbed feet gives hydrodynamic lift for swimming propulsion in birds","volume":"424","author":"Johansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157704","article-title":"A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history","volume":"320","author":"Hackett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253451","article-title":"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds","volume":"346","author":"Jarvis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15697","article-title":"A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing","volume":"526","author":"Prum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.11.005","article-title":"Saunders's framework for understanding limb development as a platform for investigating limb evolution","volume":"429","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125757","article-title":"Next-generation limb development and evolution: old questions, new perspectives","volume":"142","author":"Zuniga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(62)90008-8","article-title":"Cellular death in morphogenesis of the avian wing","volume":"5","author":"Saunders","year":"1962","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.3.2.245","article-title":"Cytological and cytochemical studies on cell death and digestion in the foetal rat foot: the role of macrophages and hydrolytic enzymes","volume":"3","author":"Ballard","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C10","first-page":"285","article-title":"Interdigital cell death during limb development of the turtle and lizard with an interpretation of evolutionary significance","volume":"40","author":"Fallon","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C11","first-page":"201","article-title":"Fine structure of the interdigital membranes during the morphogenesis of the digits of the webbed foot of the duck embryo","volume":"79","author":"Hurle","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2013.11","article-title":"Shaping organisms with apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Suzanne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187925","article-title":"In vivo inhibition of programmed cell death by local administration of FGF-2 and FGF-4 in the interdigital areas of the embryonic chick leg bud","volume":"193","author":"Macias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5262.738","article-title":"Requirement for BMP signaling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation","volume":"272","author":"Zou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.23.5515","article-title":"The BMP antagonist Gremlin regulates outgrowth, chondrogenesis, and programmed cell death in the developing limb","volume":"126","author":"Merino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.12.3725","article-title":"BMP-2\/-4 mediate programmed cell death in chicken limb buds","volume":"122","author":"Yokouchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/10098","article-title":"Retinoic acid regulates programmed cell death through BMP signalling","volume":"1","author":"Rodriguez-Leon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.041954","article-title":"Progressive interdigital cell death: regulation by the antagonistic interaction between fibroblast growth factor 8 and retinoic acid","volume":"136","author":"Hernandez-Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.034199","article-title":"The forming limb skeleton serves as a signaling center for limb vasculature patterning via regulation of Vegf","volume":"136","author":"Eshkar-Oren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00055.x","article-title":"Regression of blood vessels precedes cartilage differentiation during chick limb development","volume":"34","author":"Hallmann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C21","first-page":"239","article-title":"Vascular regression during the formation of the free digits in the avian limb bud: a comparative study in chick and duck embryos","volume":"85","author":"Hurle","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.34.2.511","article-title":"Morphogen\u00e8se de l'autopode chez l'embryon de poulet","volume":"34","author":"Pautou","year":"1975","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.1108","article-title":"Differential tissue growth and patterns of cell death in mouse limb autopod morphogenesis","volume":"220","author":"Salas-Vidal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C24","first-page":"672","article-title":"Vascular patterning regulates interdigital cell death by a ROS-mediated mechanism","volume":"142","author":"Eshkar-Oren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.05.025","article-title":"Environmental oxygen exposure allows for the evolution of interdigital cell death in limb patterning","volume":"50","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1997.3828","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species participate in the control of mouse embryonic cell death","volume":"238","author":"Salas-Vidal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.12.023","article-title":"Expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes in the developing limb support a function of ROS in interdigital cell death","volume":"291","author":"Schnabel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(72)90129-7","article-title":"ctodermal\u2013mesodermal interactions in the growth of limb buds in the chick embryo: Constancy and temporal limits of the ectodermal induction","volume":"28","author":"Rubin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90626-2","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA","volume":"75","author":"Riddle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401080304","article-title":"The proximo-distal sequence of origin of the parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm","volume":"108","author":"Saunders","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90391-3","article-title":"FGF-4 replaces the apical ectodermal ridge and directs outgrowth and patterning of the limb","volume":"75","author":"Niswander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7908145","article-title":"FGF-2: apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development","volume":"264","author":"Fallon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80999-X","article-title":"Roles for FGF8 in the induction, initiation, and maintenance of chick limb development","volume":"84","author":"Crossley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(200003)217:3<241::AID-DVDY2>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"TGF\u03b22 acts as an \u201cactivator\u201d molecule in reaction\u2013diffusion model and is involved in cell sorting phenomenon in mouse limb micromass culture","volume":"217","author":"Miura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.462174","article-title":"Dynamics of skeletal pattern formation in developing chick limb","volume":"205","author":"Newman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev204606","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.204606","article-title":"WNT signaling coordinately controls mouse limb bud outgrowth and establishment of the digit-interdigit pattern","volume":"152","author":"Malkmus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1252960","article-title":"Digit patterning is controlled by a BMP-Sox9-WNT Turing network modulated by morphogen gradients","volume":"345","author":"Raspopovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.2011.01285.x","article-title":"Smad8 is expressed in the anterior necrotic zone: evidence for a role of bone morphogenetic proteins\/SMAD signaling in the activation of a molecular cascade that culminates in cell death","volume":"53","author":"Abarca-Buis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.8.2349","article-title":"Role of TGF beta s and BMPs as signals controlling the position of the digits and the areas of interdigital cell death in the developing chick limb autopod","volume":"122","author":"Ganan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.12.016","article-title":"BMPs are direct triggers of interdigital programmed cell death","volume":"411","author":"Kaltcheva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.6.1109","article-title":"Role of BMP-2 and OP-1 (BMP-7) in programmed cell death and skeletogenesis during chick limb development","volume":"124","author":"Macias","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.23.5515","article-title":"The BMP antagonist Gremlin regulates outgrowth, chondrogenesis, and programmed cell death in the developing limb","volume":"126","author":"Merino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9578","article-title":"Bmp-4 requires the presence of the digits to initiate programmed cell death in limb interdigital tissues","volume":"218","author":"Tang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.12.3725","article-title":"BMP-2\/-4 mediate programmed cell death in chicken limb buds","volume":"122","author":"Yokouchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.202550","article-title":"Acto3D: an open-source user-friendly volume rendering software for high-resolution 3D fluorescence imaging in biology","volume":"151","author":"Takeshita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-004-0417-1","article-title":"Growth and apoptosis during larval forelimb development and adult forelimb regeneration in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)","volume":"214","author":"Vlaskalin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Genes Evol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100505","article-title":"Selective binding of lectins to embryonic chicken vasculature","volume":"51","author":"Jilani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C48","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Evolution compar\u00e9e de la n\u00e9crose morphog\u00e8ne interdigitale dans le pied de l'embryon de poulet et de canard","volume":"278","author":"Pautou","year":"1974","journal-title":"C. r. HEBD. Acad. Sci., Paris ser. D."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100844","article-title":"Apoptosis during embryonic tissue remodeling is accompanied by cell senescence","volume":"7","author":"Lorda-Diez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092420114","article-title":"Programmed cell death in the interdigital tissue of the fetal mouse limb is apoptosis with DNA fragmentation","volume":"242","author":"Mori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20916","article-title":"Birth and death of cells in limb development: a mapping study","volume":"235","author":"Fernandez-Teran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C52","volume-title":"The avian embryo","author":"Romanoff","year":"1960"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707899105","article-title":"Unique SMAD1\/5\/8 activity at the phalanx-forming region determines digit identity","volume":"105","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6039(85)90602-5","article-title":"The vasculature and limb development","volume":"16","author":"Caplan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell Differ."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C55","volume-title":"On the anatomy of vertebrates: birds and mammals","author":"Owen","year":"1866"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C56","volume-title":"Atlas de anatomie a p\u0103s\u0103rilor domestice","author":"Ghetie","year":"1976"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8843","article-title":"Morphological diversity of the avian foot is related with the pattern of msx gene expression in the developing autopod","volume":"196","author":"Ga\u00f1an","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.01.016","article-title":"Function of BMPs in the apical ectoderm of the developing mouse limb","volume":"269","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C59","first-page":"159","article-title":"Syndactyly induced by Janus Green B in the embryonic chick leg bud: a reexamination","volume":"84","author":"Fernandez-Teran","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1983.00381.x","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the programmed cell death in the chick limb: (cell death\/BrdU\/limb bud)","volume":"25","author":"Tone","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5478.438","article-title":"Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling","volume":"289","author":"Dahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310193","article-title":"Formation of extra-digits induced by surgical removal of the apical ectodermal ridge of the chick embryo leg bud in the stages previous to the onset of interdigital cell death","volume":"176","author":"Hurle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00710399","article-title":"Interdigital chondrogenesis and extra digit formation in the duck leg bud subjected to local ectoderm removal","volume":"186","author":"Macias","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.04.021","article-title":"On the formation of digits and joints during limb development","volume":"41","author":"Hiscock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226804","article-title":"Hox genes regulate digit patterning by controlling the wavelength of a Turing-type mechanism","volume":"338","author":"Sheth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002125","article-title":"Dynamic endothelial cell rearrangements drive developmental vessel regression","volume":"13","author":"Franco","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64786-8","article-title":"Developmental mechanisms underlying webbed foot morphological diversity in waterbirds","volume":"10","author":"Tokita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13496","article-title":"Patterning and post-patterning modes of evolutionary digit loss in mammals","volume":"511","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-015-0464-4","article-title":"Hand\/foot splitting and the \u2018re-evolution'of mesopodial skeletal elements during the evolution and radiation of chameleons","volume":"15","author":"Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140765","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0765","article-title":"The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes","volume":"281","author":"Botelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3917","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.008441","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1 regulation of Sox9 is necessary to maintain differentiation of hypoxic prechondrogenic cells during early skeletogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Amarilio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200612023","article-title":"Hif-1\u03b1 regulates differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme and joint development","volume":"177","author":"Provot","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026090820131855400_RSOS260583C73","article-title":"Supplementary material from: Transient cartilages and interdigital vasculature organization in the embryonic duck foot","author":"Botelho","year":"2026","journal-title":"Figshare"}],"container-title":["Royal Society Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsos\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.260583\/6164359\/rsos.260583.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsos\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsos.260583\/6164359\/rsos.260583.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:13:41Z","timestamp":1788912821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsos\/article\/13\/9\/rsos260583\/483211\/Transient-cartilages-and-interdigital-vasculature"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.260583","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-5703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-5703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"rsos260583"}}