{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:47:57Z","timestamp":1792637277861,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature"},{"name":"LIFE IP GrassBirdHabitat","award":["LIFE19 IPE\/DE\/000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE19 IPE\/DE\/000004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Earthworms (Lumbricidae) are moisture-loving soil-dwellers that can be categorized into two feeding guilds with distinct behaviours: detritivores and geophages. Detritivores feed on litter fragments and geophages on smaller litter particles mixed with soil. When earthworms move within and across soil layers to forage, soil characteristics might influence the scale of these movements and their detectability to predators. To investigate the extent to which the detection of earthworm movements and the vibrations they thereby generate is affected by soil moisture, we used an innovative method to detect and quantify vibrations of moving earthworms emitted through the soil. We designed a mesocosm experiment in which we recorded, with a geophone, the movement-induced vibrations of detritivores and geophages in drier and wetter soils. Earthworm vibrations were detected best at 200 Hz and were detected significantly more in wetter than in drier soils. Moreover, in wetter soils, vibrations induced by detritivores were detected more frequently and at higher intensities than those of geophages. These findings suggest differences in activity levels between detritivores and geophages, as a function of soil moisture content. The observed activity patterns are likely to have food web consequences because earthworm consumers relying on mechanoreceptors to detect prey might detect detritivores more often, specifically in wetter soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.260667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:12:03Z","timestamp":1792541523000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Soil moisture enhances the vibrations induced by moving earthworms, especially of detritivores"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8150-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Veenstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen 1 , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n, University of Groningen 2 , Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Halfwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3 , De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n, University of Groningen 2 , Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Science Team Sustainability & Wellbeing, Faculty Campus Frysl\u00e2n, University of Groningen 4 , Doelestrjitte 8, 8911 DX Leeuwarden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"van Hal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3 , De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matty P.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen 1 , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3 , De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theunis","family":"Piersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen 1 , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n, University of Groningen 2 , Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 5 , Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ 't Horntje, Texel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74943-3","volume-title":"Biology and ecology of earthworms","author":"Edwards","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2023.109209","article-title":"Let earthworms be functional - definition of new functional groups based on their bioturbation behavior","volume":"188","author":"Capowiez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C3","first-page":"122","article-title":"Strategies lombriciennes","volume":"25","author":"Bouch\u00e9","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ecol. Bull."},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C4","volume-title":"Earthworms, their ecology and relationships with soils and land use","author":"Lee","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00336119","article-title":"Leaf litter selection by detritivore and geophagous earthworms","volume":"10","author":"Hendriksen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. 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Biochem."},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1078\/S0031-4056(04)70173-0","article-title":"Feeding preferences of some earthworm species common to upland pastures in Scotland","volume":"47","author":"Neilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"2026102111065866800_RSOS260667C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12025","article-title":"A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services: earthworm impact on ecosystem services","volume":"64","author":"Blouin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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