{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:51:37Z","timestamp":1791363097809,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/14694-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/14694-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307922\/2023-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307922\/2023-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302378\/2025-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302378\/2025-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012199","name":"Jurassic Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sauropodomorph dinosaurs show how appendicular skeletal architecture accommodated extreme increases in body mass. Although sauropod gigantism has been linked to columnar limbs, wide-gauge posture, thick articular cartilage and tubular long-bone organization, the biomechanical interaction among these components is poorly understood. Here, we examine how femo ral shape, internal bone architecture and articular soft tissues influenced mechanical scaling across Sauropodomorpha. We generated three-dimensional femoral models spanning early sauropodomorphs, narrow-gauge diplodocoids, intermediate-gauge titanosauriforms, wide-gauge titanosaurs and an African elephant control. Finite element analyses compared theoretical solid models with taxon-specific native configurations, incorporating medullary cavities and articular cartilage caps. Mechanical performance was assessed using 95th-percentile von Mises stress, strain energy density and structural stiffness. Femoral performance did not scale uniformly with body mass. The two sampled narrow-gauge taxa, Diplodocus and Amargasaurus, defined steeper scaling trajectories for stress and strain energy density, whereas wide-gauge titanosaurs generally displayed flatter trajectories, comparatively lower stress and strain energy density, and elevated stiffness in several large-bodied forms. Targeted sensitivity analyses further showed that the mechanical effects of medullary architecture and cartilage depended on their interaction with taxon-specific femoral geometry. These findings suggest that sauropod gigantism was sustained by lineage-specific combinations of femoral geometry, internal architecture and articular soft tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.261186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:12:53Z","timestamp":1791331973000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Built for bulk: posture, microanatomy and soft tissue shaped gigantism in Sauropoda"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian C. G.","family":"Silva Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Paleontologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o de Ilha Solteira, UNESP 1 , Ilha Solteira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Souza","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo 2 , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment 3 , T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin G.","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n Paleontolog\u00eda de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 4 , Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago da S.","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisas Paleontol\u00f3gicas L. I. Price, Complexo Cultural e Cient\u00edfico Peir\u00f3polis, Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Extens\u00e3o Universit\u00e1ria , Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro 5 , Uberaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro 6 , Uberaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe C.","family":"Montefeltro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Paleontologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o de Ilha Solteira, UNESP 1 , Ilha Solteira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100704102264100_RSOS261186C1","volume-title":"Die fossile reptil-ordnung saurischia: ihre entwicklung und geschichte","author":"von Huene","year":"1932"},{"key":"2026100704102264100_RSOS261186C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x","article-title":"The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs","volume":"85","author":"Langer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. 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