{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:41:09Z","timestamp":1792510869534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polyethylene (PE) is a highly recalcitrant polymer that resists microbial degradation owing to its hydrophobic and chemically inert structure. In this study, a Streptomyces sp. strain MH-1, isolated from the earthworm gut, was investigated for its interaction with PE under carbon-limited conditions. The strain was associated with approximately 15% reduction in PE weight after 30 days of incubation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed alterations in polymer chemistry, including a reduction in the carbonyl peak (approx. 1715 cm\u20121) and a decrease in the carbonyl index from 0.19 in the control to 0.10 in treated samples. In silico analysis using a closely related Streptomyces genome as a reference framework identified putative genes associated with hydrocarbon metabolism and suggested potential oxidative and assimilatory pathways. Candidate aldehyde dehydrogenases, including bifunctional alcohol\/aldehyde dehydrogenase (adhE), together with genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and \u03b2-oxidation, may indicate potential mechanisms involved in the processing of oxidation intermediates. These findings, combined with biofilm formation and growth under confined conditions, highlight the importance of PE-associated microenvironments and provide a basis for exploring microbial adaptation and potential metabolic processes involved in PE biotransformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.261333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:20:42Z","timestamp":1791937242000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polyethylene biotransformation by an earthworm gut-derived\n                    <i>Streptomyces<\/i>\n                    sp.: insights into microenvironment-associated metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7765-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Haghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Bioremedix Biotechnology 1 , Izmir, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tugce","family":"Haghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Bioremedix Biotechnology 1 , Izmir, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torkan","family":"Haghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Atat\u00fcrk University 2 , Erzurum, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaka","family":"Abbaszade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Bioremedix Biotechnology 1 , Izmir, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102010503098000_RSOS261333C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7444456","article-title":"Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern","volume":"211","author":"Alexander","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102010503098000_RSOS261333C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6199.1000164","article-title":"A review on biodegradation of polythene: the microbial approach","volume":"03","author":"Sangale","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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