{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:22:57Z","timestamp":1778624577565,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2186","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(PD-IPFP\/HRD\/HEC\/2013\/1983) and (20-3071\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/13)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(PD-IPFP\/HRD\/HEC\/2013\/1983) and (20-3071\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/13)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We have investigated the attachment of azobenzene photochromic switches on the modified surface of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs). The modification of CdS QDs is done by varying the concentration of the capping agent (mercaptoacetic acid) and NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    in order to control the size of the QDs. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the crystallite size of CdS QDs ranged from 6 to 10\u2009nm. The azobenzene photochromic derivatives bis(4-hydroxybenzene-1-azo)4,4\u2032(1,1\u2032 diphenylmethane) (I) and 4,4\u2032-diazenyldibenzoic acid (II) were synthesized and attached with surface-modified CdS QDs to make fluorophore\u2013photochrome CdS-(I) and CdS-(II) dyad assemblies. Upon UV irradiation, the photochromic compounds (I) and (II) undergo a reversible\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isomerization. The photo-induced\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    transformation helps to transfer photo-excited electrons from the conduction band of the CdS QDs to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isomer of photochromic compounds (I) and (II). As a result, the fluorescence of CdS-(I) and CdS-(II) dyads is suppressed approximately five times compared to bare CdS QDs. The fluorescence modulation in such systems could help to design luminescent probes for bioimaging applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2015.0692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T05:08:18Z","timestamp":1456290498000},"page":"20150692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Fluorescence modulation of cadmium sulfide quantum dots by azobenzene photochromic switches"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"472","author":[{"given":"Hina","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalsoom","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zareen","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arif","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Siddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5251.933"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900289f"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja048792a"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04855"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(99)00045-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0031321"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp108561u"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5090749"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b804151m"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2006.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja047169n"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-5567(04)00023-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja209239m"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-014-2650-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/24\/11\/115602"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of CdS nanoparticles by chemical co-precipitation technique","volume":"8","author":"Rao BS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chalcogenide Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Band gap of cubic and hexagonal cds quantum dots-experimental and theoretical studies","volume":"9","author":"Soltani N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chalcogenide Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Synthesis of CDs quantum dots using wet chemical co-precipitation method","volume":"6","author":"Tyagi C","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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