{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:11:50Z","timestamp":1772075510874,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"893","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1951,10,30]],"date-time":"1951-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-573523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1951,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chloracetophenone, a specific and powerful \u2014SH reactant and an irreversible inhibitor of \u2014SH enzymes, is highly toxic to frog and newt eggs and to frog tadpoles. The toxic action on tadpoles cannot be reversed by subsequent treatment with cysteine, but can be nullified by simultaneous presence of cysteine. Frog and newt eggs exposed to minute concentrations of chloracetophenone comparable with those required for inhibition of \u2014SH enzymes in vitro exhibit abnormalities in development that have been called the \u2018blocked \u2014SH syndrome\u2019. Some items of the syndrome are: (a) the development in the frog of heteroploid pigmented ectodermal and epidermal cells, the unpigmented cells being unaffected, and, in the newt, the development of giant nuclei, presumed to be heteroploid: (b) cleavage of animal pole while vegetal pole is inhibited; (c) a developmental arrest at gastrulation under various dosage conditions. The effects are not due to a hydrolysis product or an altered pH in the solution. Cilia continue to beat in cells damaged by CAP. Frog eggs exposed to di-isopropyl fluorophosphonate, a powerful and specific inhibitor of esterases, and not an \u2014SH reactant, do not develop giant or heteroploid cells or a \u2018blocked \u2014SH syndrome\u2019, and show a developmental arrest just before gastrulation. \u2014SH reagents are considered to constitute an important class of c-mitotically active substances. It is concluded that their c-mitotic action is, in fact, due to blocking of \u2014SH groups, probably of enzymes. Cell division is prevented by cytoplasmic inhibition, either with or without spindle inhibition, the result being different types of heteroploidy and polynuclearity. The conclusions concerning mitosis apply also to plants, and have relations with growth processes in micro-organisms. The mode of action of \u2014SH poisons is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1951.0042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T17:28:29Z","timestamp":1166203709000},"page":"575-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of chloracetophenone and di-\n                    <i>iso<\/i>\n                    propyl fluorophosphonate on amphibian eggs"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Laboratory, Animal Breeding and Genetics Research Organization, Institute of Animal Genetics, Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"500","volume":"7","author":"Bacq Z. M.","year":"1942","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. M id . Belg. (6)"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacq Z. 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