{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:12:49Z","timestamp":1779887569922,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1160","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1979,8,31]],"date-time":"1979-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":304905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A study has been made of the temperature changes associated with the passage of a single impulse in the non-myelinated fibres of the garfish olfactory nerve: and the time course of these temperature changes has been compared with the time course of the electrical events during the action potential. As in other non-myelinated nerves studied the observed temperature changes result from a biphasic initial heat production con\u00adsisting of a transient evolution of heat (the positive heat) followed by a a rapid heat reabsorption (referred to as the negative heat). There is no evidence of any additional phases of initial heat production. At 0 \u00b0C the measured positive initial heat is 224 \u03bccal\/g impulse (937 \u03bcJ\/g impulse); and the corresponding negative initial heat is 230 \u03bccal\/g impulse (962 \u03bcJ\/g impulse). The residual initial heat is very small, being about \u25006 \u03bccal\/g impulse (\u250025 \u03bcJ\/g impulse). In the range 0\u2500 10 \u00b0C there is no significant effect of temperature on the magnitude of either the positive or the negative phases of heat production. The experimental thermal records were analysed to determine the true time course of the tem\u00adperature changes in the nerve undistorted by the recording system. The time course of the temperature changes does not fit with that of the transmembrane voltage change as represented by the monophasic com\u00adpound action potential recorded externally from the same point on the nerve. A better fit is obtained if the temperature changes are compared with the square of the voltage change in accordance with the view that the heat derives almost wholly from free energy changes and entropy changes in the membrane capacity. The best fit is obtained if it is assumed that the membrane potential does not discharge to zero during the action potential but that at the peak of the action potential the charge (and hence the p. d.) across the membrane capacity retains about 24% of its resting value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,18]],"date-time":"2006-12-18T18:11:46Z","timestamp":1166465506000},"page":"347-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The initial heat production in garfish olfactory nerve fibres"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"J. V.","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Murdoch","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Stagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1958.0012"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007633"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1933.sp002957"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"952","article-title":"Garfish olfactory nerve: easily accessible source of num erous hom ogeneous non-m yelinated axons. Science, N","volume":"172","year":"1971","journal-title":"Y ."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"F rohlich H . 1958 Theory of dielectrics. Oxford U niversity Press."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"G urney R . W. 1962 Ionic processes in solution. New Y ork: Dover."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008434"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011019"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H ow arth J . V. & R itchie J . M. 1979 The recovery production in non-m yelinated garfish olfactory nerve fibres. J . Physiol (in th e press).","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012844"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007666"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.2.650"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008502"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"147","article-title":"E nergetic aspects of nerve conduction: T he relationships betw een h e a t production, electrical a c tiv ity an d m etabolism . Prog. molec","volume":"26","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biol."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011018"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012661"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.1979.0069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/205\/1160\/347\/171964\/rspb.1979.0069.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/205\/1160\/347\/171964\/rspb.1979.0069.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T04:02:46Z","timestamp":1767499366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article\/205\/1160\/347\/33128\/The-initial-heat-production-in-garfish-olfactory"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,8,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1160","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1979.0069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4649","2053-9193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0080-4649","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-9193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,8,31]]}}}