{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T04:18:13Z","timestamp":1767500293555,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1195","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,22]],"date-time":"1982-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":380505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>4-Aminoquinoline (4-AQ) in concentrations around 200 \u03bcM induces, within minutes of its application to isolated mouse or rat neuromuscular junctions, the appearance of a population of miniature endplate potentials (m. e. p. ps) with a larger than normal amplitude, so-called giant m. e. p. ps (g. m. e. p. ps). With amplitudes 21-22 times the modal value of m. e. p. p. amplitude, the population of g. m. e. p. ps. varied between 15 and 45% of the total population of m. e. p. ps. There was no increase in the frequency of m. e. p. ps. but a positive correlation between the frequency of g. m. e. p. ps and the total frequency of m. e. p. ps. In many instances the rise time and decay time of g. m. e. p. ps were prolonged compared to normal. Elevated extracellular calcium concentrations increased the frequency of m. e. p. ps but had no effect on g. m. e. p. p. frequency. High extracellular potassium concentrations markedly increased m. e. p. p. frequency but failed to influence g. m. e. p. p. frequency. Similar observations were made with ethanol 0.1 M, ouabain 200 \u03bcM or black widow spider venom. Botulinum toxin type A markedly reduced total m. e. p. p. frequency but 4-AQ still induced g. m. e. p. ps. Nerve stimulation failed to release quanta corresponding to the g. m. e. p. ps. G. m. e. p. ps seemed to originate from quantal acetylcholine release from the nerve terminal since they were abolished by surgical denervation and by the addition of d-tubocurarine to the medium. Blockade of voltage-sensitive calcium or sodium channels by, respectively, manganese ions or tetrodotoxin failed to affect the appear\u00adance and the frequency of g. m. e. p. ps. The electrophysiological findings and a statistical analysis of the characteristicsofthe m. e. p. psindicatethat they belong to two populations. One population is accelerated by the depolarization\u2013release coupling mechanism responsible for evoked transmitter release and is characterized by an amplitude distribution and a process in time that indicate that they correspond to releases occurring at ' active zones \u2019 in the nerve terminal. The second population of m. e. p. ps is uninfluenced by nerve terminal depolarization and transmembrane calcium fluxes. This population apparently originates from sites dispersed in the nerve terminal membrane and outside the \u2018 active zone \u2019. 4-AQ increases the frequency of this second m. e. p. p. population without affecting the first population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1982.0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T17:06:33Z","timestamp":1166202393000},"page":"229-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["4-Aminoquinoline-induced \u2018giant\u2019 miniature endplate potentials at mammalian neuromuscular junctions"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Molg\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Thesleff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"A note on the mechanism by which inhibitors of the sodium pump accelerate spontaneous release of transmitter from motor nerve terminals","volume":"247","author":"Baker P. F.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lond."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1975.0018"},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"339","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of manganese on transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the toad. Br. J","volume":"47","author":"Balnave R. I.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pharmac."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Benoit P. H. Audibert-Benoit M. L. & Peyrot M. 1973 Importance des effets presynaptiques dans le blockage de la jonction neuro-musculaire de grenouille par substitution du lithium ou sodium dans le milieu de survie. Archs ital. Biol. I l l 323-335."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"145","article-title":"Sub-miniature end-plate potentials at untreated frog neuromuscular junctions. J.Physiol","volume":"258","author":"Bevan S.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lond."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005502"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005642"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.52.1.1"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/225703a0"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"2346","article-title":"Vesicules synaptiques et poches au niveau des `zones actives' de la jonction neuromusculaire. C.r. hebd","volume":"271","author":"Couteaux R.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Seanc. Acad. Sci. Paris D"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011510"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90074-9"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"21P","article-title":"The effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine on spontaneous and evoked transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction","volume":"280","author":"Durant N. N.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90499-9"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.68.3.752"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007778"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004735","article-title":"Spontaneous subthreshold activity at motor nerve endings","volume":"117","author":"Fatt P.","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"236","article-title":"The effect of methyl, ethyl and n-propyl alcohol on neuromuscular transmission in the rat. J. Pharmac. exp","volume":"150","author":"Gage P. W.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ther."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1976.56.1.177"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.78.3.716"},{"key":"p_21","first-page":"71","article-title":"Ca spike","volume":"4","author":"Hagiwara S.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Adv. Biophys."},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90090-3"},{"key":"p_23","first-page":"106P","article-title":"A possible origin of the `giant' spontaneous potentials that occur after prolonged transmitter release at frog neuromuscular junction","volume":"239","author":"Heuser J. E.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01111936"},{"key":"p_25","unstructured":"Heuser J. E. 1976 Morphology of synaptic vesicle discharge and reformation at the frog neuromuscular junction. In Motor innervation of muscle (ed. S. Thesleff) pp. 51-115. London: Academic Press."},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006824"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008413"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007790"},{"key":"p_29","unstructured":"Katz B. 1969 The release of neural transmitter substances. Liverpool University Press."},{"key":"p_30","first-page":"689","article-title":"Spontaneous and evoked activity of motor nerve endings in calcium Ringer. J. Physiol","volume":"203","author":"Katz B.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lond."},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1977.0029"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0070"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011610"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005784"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/225701a0"},{"key":"p_36","first-page":"72","article-title":"Observations on the large spontaneous potentials which occur at end-plates of the rat diaphragm. Proc. Univ. Otago med","volume":"48","author":"Menrath R. L. E.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Sch."},{"key":"p_37","article-title":"4-Aminoquinoline-induced release of `giant' miniature end-plate potentials. Neurosci","author":"Molgo J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lett. 5, S-367."},{"key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.4.813"},{"key":"p_39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3984.733"},{"key":"p_40","first-page":"674","article-title":"Effets conjugues du pH et des cations divalents sur la liberation spontanee d'acetylcholine au niveau de la plaque motrice de la grenouille. C.r. hebd","volume":"271","author":"Pecot-Dechavassine M.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acad. Sci. Paris D"},{"key":"p_41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011547"},{"key":"p_42","first-page":"138A","article-title":"Recherches sur la signification physiologique et structurale des potentiels miniature d'amplitude anormale observes au niveau de la jonction neuromusculaire de la grenouille dans diverses conditions experimentales","volume":"63","author":"Pecot-Dechavassine M.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Paris"},{"key":"p_43","first-page":"983","article-title":"Potentiels miniature d'amplitude anormale obtenus dans des conditions experimentales et changements concomitants des structures presypaptiques. C.r. hebd","volume":"275","author":"Pecot-Dechavassine M.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Seanc. Acad. Sci. Paris"},{"key":"p_44","unstructured":"Pecot-Dechavassine M. & Couteaux R. 19726 Potentiels miniatures d'amplitude anormale obtenus dans des conditions experimentales et changements concomitants des structures presynaptiques. In International symposium on cholinergic transmission of the nerve impulse pp. 177-185. Paris: INSERM."},{"key":"p_45","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Modifications structurales des terminaisons motrices de muscle de grenouille soumis a Taction de la vinblastine. C.r. hebd","volume":"280","author":"Pecot-Dechavassine M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Seanc. Acad. Sci. Paris D"},{"key":"p_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quastel D. M. J. Hackett J. R. & Cooke J. D. 1971 Calcium: is it required for transmitter secretion? Science N .Y. 172 1034-1036.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3987.1034"},{"key":"p_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90006-3"},{"key":"p_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thesleff S. i 960 Supersensitivity of skeletal muscle produced by botulinum toxin. Physiol. Lond. 151 598-607.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006463"},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(80)90002-0"},{"key":"p_50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90845-X"},{"key":"p_51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90055-3"},{"key":"p_52","first-page":"295","article-title":"Non quantal release of transmitter at mouse neuromuscular junction and its dependence on the activity of Na+ K+ ATPase. Pfliigers Arch. ges","volume":"370","author":"Vyskocil F.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Physiol."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.1982.0006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/214\/1195\/229\/172650\/rspb.1982.0006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/214\/1195\/229\/172650\/rspb.1982.0006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T04:16:38Z","timestamp":1767500198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article\/214\/1195\/229\/33428\/4-Aminoquinoline-induced-giant-miniature-endplate"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1195","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1982.0006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4649","2053-9193"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0080-4649"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-9193"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,22]]}}}