{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T05:02:49Z","timestamp":1767502969981,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1259","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,3,23]],"date-time":"1987-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":543456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carcinogenic viruses have been discovered in numerous animal species over the last 80 years but their role in human cancer has only recently become an important issue. With EB virus involved with endemic Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hepatitis B virus with primary liver cancer, papilloma viruses with carcinoma of the cervix, and T-cell leukaemia virus with adult T leukaemia, 20-25 % of all human cancer appears to have a virus component in its causation. By analogy with certain virus-induced animal cancers, vaccine prevention of infection should greatly reduce subsequent tumour development; vaccines against hepatitis B virus are already on trial for this purpose in populations at risk. Experiments are described in which an EB virus subunit vaccine consisting of the virus-determined membrane antigen glycoprotein molecule of molecular mass 340 kDa (MA gp340) has been prepared by two purification methods. Material from one of these has successfully protected cotton-top tamarins against a 100 % lymphomagenic dose of challenge virus and investigations are under way to identify an immunogen, based on MA gp340, suitable for use in man. Genetically engineered bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells expressing the gp340 gene are already available; this gene has also been inserted into vaccinia and varicella virus vectors. Powerful new adjuvants are also considered, together with future strategies for human vaccine studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1987.0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,18]],"date-time":"2006-12-18T18:20:27Z","timestamp":1166466027000},"page":"147-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Florey Lecture, 1986 - Vaccine prevention of virus-induced human cancers"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Michael Anthony","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, U. K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Baker C. G. Carrese L. M. & Rauscher F. 1966 The special virus-leukemia program of the National Cancer Institute: Scientific aspects and program logic. In recent developments in comparative medicine (ed. R. N. T.-W.-Fiennes) pp. 259-278. London and New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"648","article-title":"Transmission of Type B viral hepatitis to chimpanzees. J. infect","volume":"127","author":"Barker L. F.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Dis."},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"451","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection in chimpanzees; titration of subtypes. J. infect","volume":"132","author":"Barker L. F.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Dis."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6189183"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.54.3.665-674.1985","article-title":"Two major outer envelope glycoproteins of Epstein-Barr virus encoded by the same gene","volume":"54","author":"Beisel C.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01933.x"},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Burkitt D. 1963 A Iymphoma syndrome in tropical Africa. In International review of experimental pathology (ed. G. W. Richter & M. A. Epstein) vol. 2 pp. 67-138. New York and London: Academic Press."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197401)33:1<184::AID-CNCR2820330127>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/215528a0"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/221744a0"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2986287"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910050302"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"27","article-title":"Preparation and properties of Iymphocyte plasma membrane. Contemp. Top. molec","volume":"3","author":"Crumpton M. J.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2617(86)80190-3"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910130311"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De-The G. 1979 Demographic studies implicating the virus in the causation of B urkitt's lymphoma; prospects for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In The Epstein-Barr virus (ed. M. A. Epstein & B. G. Achong) pp. 417-437. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67236-1_18"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.46.2.547-556.1983","article-title":"Synthesis and processing of the three major envelope glycoproteins of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"46","author":"Edson C. M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"595","article-title":"Experimentelle Leukamie bei Hiihnern","volume":"46","author":"Ellermann V.","year":"1908","journal-title":"Zbl. Bakt. Abt. I (Orig.)"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/56.4.697"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1984.0019"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/318287a0"},{"key":"p_22","first-page":"485","article-title":"Not all potently neuralizing vaccine-induced antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus ensure protection of susceptible experimental animals","volume":"63","author":"Epstein M. A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"p_23","unstructured":"Gross L. 1983 Oncogenic viruses 3rd edn pp. 1-1200. Oxford New York Toronto Sydney Paris Frankfurt: Pergamon Press."},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"Henle W. & Henle G. 1969 The relation between the Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononeucleosis Burkitt's Iymphoma and cancer of the postnasal space. E. Afr. med. J. 46 402-406."},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.49.2.413-417.1984","article-title":"An Epstein-Barr virus DNA fragment encodes messages for the two major envelope glycoproteins (gp 350\/300 and gp 220\/200)","volume":"49","author":"Hummel M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"p_26","first-page":"1","article-title":"An intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in a high risk population","volume":"3","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"1985","journal-title":"I ARC Working Paper"},{"key":"p_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alterations of the immunological specificity of plasma membranes of cells infected with Marek's disease and turkey herpes viruses. J. gen","volume":"25","author":"Kaaden 0.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Virol."},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381684"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367783781070867"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkwood J. K. Epstein M. A. Terlecki A. J. & Underwood S. J. 1985 Rearing a second generation of cotton-top tamarins ( 19 269-272.","DOI":"10.1258\/002367785780887491"},{"key":"p_31","unstructured":"Saguinusoedipus oedipus) in captivity. Lab. Animals"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156160"},{"key":"p_33","unstructured":"Klein G. (ed.) 1980 Viral oncology pp. 1-842. New York: Raven Press."},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90449-X"},{"key":"p_35","unstructured":"Klein G. 19836 Summary. In Nasopharyngeal ---------- concepts (ed. V. Prasad D. V. Ablashi P. H. Levine and G. R. Pearson) pp. 443-453. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press."},{"key":"p_36","first-page":"187","article-title":"Potential use of synthetic muramyl peptides as immunoregulating molecules. Recent Adv. din","volume":"3","author":"Leclerc C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"key":"p_37","unstructured":"Lenoir G. M. & Bornhamm G. W. 1986 Burkitt's Iymphoma a human cancer model for the study of the multistep development of cancer; proposal for a new scenario. In Advances in viral oncology (ed. G. Klein) vol. 7. New York: Raven Press. (In the press.)"},{"key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910160117"},{"key":"p_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackett M. & Arrand J. R. 1985 Recombinant vaccinia virus induces neutralising antibodies in rabbits against Epstein-Barr virus membrane antigen gp 340. 4 3229-3234.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04070.x"},{"key":"p_40","unstructured":"Marek J. 1907 Multiple Nervenentziindung (Polyneuritis) bei Hiihnem. Dt. tierWschr. 15 417-421."},{"key":"p_41","first-page":"514","article-title":"Experimental infection of chimpanzees with the virus of hepatitis B","volume":"237","author":"Maynard J. E.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bond."},{"key":"p_42","first-page":"948","article-title":"Lymphoma in cotton-top marmosets after inoculation with Epstein-Barr virus: tumor incidence, histologic spectrum, antibody responses, demonstration of viral DNA, and characterization of viruses. J. exp","volume":"145","author":"Miller G.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"p_43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/308457a0"},{"key":"p_44","first-page":"455","article-title":"Purification and properties of the gp 340 component of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus membrane antigen (MA) in an immunogenic form. J .gen","volume":"64","author":"Morgan A. J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Virol."},{"key":"p_45","first-page":"397","article-title":"A structural investigation of the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus membrane antigen glycoprotein, gp 340. J. gen","volume":"65","author":"Morgan A. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virol."},{"key":"p_46","first-page":"233","article-title":"Assay of the infectivity of Epstein-Barr virus by transformation of human leucocytes invitro. J. gen","volume":"17","author":"Moss D. J.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Virol."},{"key":"p_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197002122820704"},{"key":"p_48","first-page":"55","article-title":"Quantification of an EB virus-associated membrane antigen (MA) component. J. virol","volume":"5","author":"North J. R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Meth."},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.23.7504"},{"key":"p_50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1588488"},{"key":"p_51","first-page":"163","article-title":"Estimates of the worldwide frequency of twelve major cancers","volume":"62","author":"Parkin D. M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull. WHO"},{"key":"p_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira M. S. Blake J. M. & Macrae A. D. 1969 EB virus antibody at different ages. Br. med. J. 4 526-527.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5682.526"},{"key":"p_53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"p_54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6200935"},{"key":"p_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purtilo D. T. (ed.) 1984 Immune deficiency and cancer. Epstein-Barr virus and Iymphoproliferativemalignancies pp. 1-488. New York and London : Plenum Medical Book Co.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4760-6_1"},{"key":"p_56","first-page":"201","article-title":"A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus membrane antigen gp 340. J. virol","volume":"9","author":"Randle B. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Meth."},{"key":"p_57","first-page":"25","article-title":"Large-scale purification of Epstein-Barr virus membrane antigen gp 340 using a monoclonal immunoabsorbent. J. immunol","volume":"77","author":"Randle B. J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Meth."},{"key":"p_58","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Survey of viral oncology with particular reference to Iymphomas","volume":"26","author":"Rauscher F. J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"p_59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2994215"},{"key":"p_60","first-page":"696","article-title":"A transmissible avian neoplasm (Sarcoma of the common fowl). J. exp","volume":"12","author":"Rous P.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"p_61","first-page":"397","article-title":"A sarcoma of the fowl transmissible by an agent separable from the tumour cells. J. exp","volume":"13","author":"Rous P.","year":"1911","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"p_62","unstructured":"Shanmugaratnam K. 1971 Studies on the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In International review of experimental pathology (ed. G. W. Richter & M. A. Epstein) vol. 10 pp. 361-413. New York and London: Academic Press."},{"key":"p_63","unstructured":"Shih M-F. Arsenakis M. Roizman B. & Tiollais P. 1985 Herpes simplex virus as a vector for eukaryotic viral genes. In Vaccines 85 (ed. R. A. Lerner R. M. Chanock & F. Brown) pp. 177-180. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory."},{"key":"p_64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90144-5"},{"key":"p_65","unstructured":"University Health Physicians and PHLS laboratories. 1971 Infectious mononeucleosis and its relationship to EB virus antibody. Br. med. J. IV 643-646."},{"key":"p_66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90256-9"},{"key":"p_67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405313102201"},{"key":"p_68","first-page":"1641","article-title":"Viral aetiology of adult T-cell leukaemia. J. gen","volume":"66","author":"Yammamoto N.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virol."},{"key":"p_69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.6.2031"},{"key":"p_70","unstructured":"Zuckerman A. J. 1985 Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by immunization against hepatitis B. In International review of experimental pathology (ed. G. W. Richter and M. A. Epstein) vol. 25 pp. 59-81. Orlando: Acadamic Press."},{"key":"p_71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90360-0"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.1987.0014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/230\/1259\/147\/173847\/rspb.1987.0014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/230\/1259\/147\/173847\/rspb.1987.0014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T04:59:52Z","timestamp":1767502792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article\/230\/1259\/147\/33901\/The-Florey-Lecture-1986-Vaccine-prevention-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,3,23]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1259","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,3,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1987.0014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4649","2053-9193"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0080-4649"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-9193"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,3,23]]}}}